Microfluidic nitric oxide sensor
The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a microfluidic device for measuring an amount of a molecular species in a sample. The device comprises a body and an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly comprising at least one electrode coupled to the body. The device also includes a gas permeable membrane disposed on at least one electrode and a detector for measuring a current at each of the electrodes. Further, the device comprises a channel defined between a substantially planar substrate and planar cover glass. The presently disclosed subject matter also relates to methods of making the microfluidic device.
1. A micro fluidic device for measuring an amount of a molecular species in a sample, the device comprising:
a substantially planar body;
an electrode assembly comprising at least one electrode coupled to the body;
a gas permeable membrane disposed on and coating the at least one electrode; and a detector for measuring current at each of the electrodes
wherein said electrode is pre-treated prior to coating the electrode with the gas permeable membrane so as to increase adhesion of the gas permeable membrane to the electrode.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular species is selected from the group consisting of nitric oxide, nitrite and s-nitrosothiols.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a volume of about 1 to 100 μl.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the substantially planar body further comprises a planar substrate and a planar cover glass coupled to the substrate.
5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the substantially planar body further comprises a channel comprising a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the channel is defined between the planar substrate and the planar cover glass and is configured to receive at least a portion of the sample therein:
and, wherein the substantially planar body optionally further comprises:
an inlet aperture defined in the planar cover glass and configured to be in fluid communication with the channel; and
an outlet aperture defined in the planar cover glass and configured to be in fluid communication with the channel.
6. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the substantially planar body further comprises an insulating material cooperating with the planar substrate and the planar cover glass to define the channel.
7. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the planar cover glass and/or the planar substrate comprises a plurality of integrated electrodes wherein the plurality of integrated electrodes optionally comprises one or more of
an integrated working electrode;
an integrated counter electrode; or
an integrated reference electrode.
8. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the planar substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glass, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polystyrene, paper, cellulose, and fabric.
9. The device according to claim 7 , wherein the device comprises one or more of
a) an integrated working electrode that is selected from the group consisting of platinum, platinized platinum, tungsten, gold, carbon, carbon fiber, and combinations thereof and
b) the integrated counter electrode comprises one or more of platinum or silver/silver chloride.
10. The device according to claim 7 , wherein at least one of the plurality of integrated electrodes further comprises:
a sensor width; and
a sensor pitch.
11. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the sensor width is about 50 to 1000 μη and/or the sensor pitch is about 50 to 2500 μη.
12. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the channel comprises:
a channel width of about 0.5 to 5 mm; and
a channel height of about 20 to 100 μη.
13. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the gas permeable membrane comprises a polysiloxane network wherein one or more silicon atoms in the polysiloxane network is covalently attached to an alkyl group and one or more silicon atoms in the polysiloxane network is covalently attached to a fluorinated alkyl group.
14. The device according to claim 13 , wherein the gas permeable membrane comprises a member selected from the group consisting of
a) a mixture comprising fluorosilane in a range of about 1% to 50% by volume; and
b) a mixture of about 80% by volume methyltrimethoxysilane and 20% by volume (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)trimethoxysilane.
15. A method of making a microfluidic device for measuring an amount of a molecular specie in a sample, the method comprising:
attaching a plurality of electrodes to a substantially planar body;
depositing a gas permeable membrane on at least one of the plurality of electrodes; and
coupling a detector for measuring current to at least one of the plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises at least one of
an integrated working electrode;
an integrated reference electrode; or
an integrated counter electrode
and pre-treating the electrode prior to coating the electrode with a gas permeable membrane to increase adhesion of the gas permeable membrane to the electrode.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the gas permeable membrane comprises a polysiloxane network wherein one or more silicon atoms in the polysiloxane network is covalently attached to an alkyl group and one or more silicon atoms in the polysiloxane network is covalently attached to a fluorinated alkyl group.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the gas permeable membrane comprises a mixture of about 80% by volume methyltrimethoxysilane and 20% by volume (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)trimethoxysilane.
18. A method according to claim 15 , further comprising coupling a substrate to a cover glass so as to define a channel for receiving at least a portion of the sample therein.
19. A method according to claim 18 , further comprising applying an insulating material to the substrate such that the substrate, cover glass, and insulating material cooperate to define the channel.
20. A method according to claim 15 , further comprising applying a photoresist material to the body.
21. A microfluidic device for measuring an amount of a molecular species in a sample, the device comprising a member selected from the group consisting of:
a) a body comprising a substrate and a cover glass coupled to one another, wherein a channel is defined between the substrate and the cover glass for receiving at least a portion of the sample therein;
an electrode assembly comprising at least one electrode coupled to the body;
a gas permeable membrane disposed on and coating the at least one electrode; and
a detector for measuring current at each of the electrodes so as to determine the amount of a molecular species in the sample wherein said electrode is pre-treated prior to coating the electrode with the as permeable membrane so as to increase adhesion of the gas permeable membrane to the electrode; and
b) a body comprising a channel for receiving a sample having a volume of less than about 400 μL therein;
an electrode assembly comprising at least one electrode coupled to the body;
a gas permeable membrane disposed on and coating the at least one electrode; and
a detector for measuring current at each of the electrodes so as to determine the amount of a molecular species in the sample wherein said electrode is pre-treated prior to coating the electrode with the gas permeable membrane so as to increase adhesion of the gas permeable membrane to the electrode.