Process for forming a sheet of thermoplastic material
Provided is a process for forming a sheet of thermoplastic material into a three-dimensional shape, the process comprising the steps of (i) forming the sheet at a temperature below its glass transition temperature to produce a first formed shape in the sheet, followed by (ii) raising the temperature of the first formed shape ( 20 ) to above its glass transition temperature whilst a male former ( 12 ), having at least a portion of its profile being substantially the same as that of the first formed shape ( 20 ), is positioned to substantially align at least a portion of its profile with that of the first formed shape ( 20 ), thereby restricting the first formed shape from shrinking back towards its original sheet form, followed by (iii) further forming the first formed shape ( 20 ) at a temperature below that of the glass transition temperature, to form a second formed shape ( 24 ), followed by (iv) raising the temperature of the second formed shape ( 24 ) to above its glass transition temperature whilst a male former ( 16 ), at least a portion of its profile being substantially the same as that of the second formed shape ( 24 ), is positioned to substantially align at least a portion of its profile with that of the second formed shape ( 24 ), thereby restricting the second formed shape ( 24 ) from shrinking back towards its original sheet form.
1. A process for forming a sheet of thermoplastic material into a three-dimensional shape, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) starting with a thermoplastic material having an average thickness of less than about 1.0 mm;
(ii) forming the sheet at a temperature below its glass transition temperature to produce a first formed shape in the sheet, followed by
(iii) raising the temperature of the first formed shape to above its glass transition temperature, to over 100° C.; while a male former, having at least a portion of its profile being substantially the same as that of the first formed shape, is positioned to substantially align at least a portion of its profile with that of the first formed shape, thereby restricting the first formed shape from shrinking back towards its original sheet form, followed by
(iv) further forming the first formed shape at a temperature below that of the glass transition temperature, to form a second formed shape, followed by
(v) raising the temperature of the second formed shape to above its glass transition temperature, to over 100° C.; while a male former, at least a portion of its profile being substantially the same as that of the second formed shape, is positioned to substantially align at least a portion of its profile with that of the second formed shape, thereby restricting the second formed shape from shrinking back towards its original sheet form;
wherein the male former employed in step (v) is the same male former as employed in step (iii); and
wherein the thermoplastic material is heated to above its glass transition temperature by directing a heated as stream onto said thermoplastic material.
2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than about 0.50 mm, optionally less than 0.2 mm, optionally less than 0.1 mm.
3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material is gas permeable.
4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the thermoplastic material has a fabric form.
5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first formed shape is formed by a male former in step (ii).
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the second formed shape is formed by a male former in step (iv).
7. A process according to claim 5 , wherein the male former employed in step (iv) is the same male former as employed in step (ii).
8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first formed shape is formed by a male former in step (ii) and is the same male former as employed in step (iii).
9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first formed shape is formed by a first male former in step (ii), and step (iii) employs a second male former at a temperature greater than that of the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic material.
10. A process according to claim 1 , which is followed by further steps of forming the thermoplastic material below its glass transition temperature and subsequently raising the temperature of the formed shape to above its glass transition temperature whilst a male former, at least a portion of its profile being substantially the same as that of the formed shape, is positioned to substantially align at least a portion of its profile with that of the former shape.
11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises polyethylene terephthalate.