Atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnapthalenes and their use in enantioselective recognition and asymmetric synthesis

1. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound of formula (I):

wherein

(a) R 1 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, benzyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, chloro, bromo, iodo, acyl, amino, amido, azido, cyano, formyl, carbamoyl, —SF 5 , nitro, —OR′, —NR″R′″, —SR″″, P(O)(OR A ) 2 , —P(OR A ) 2 , and P(R B ) 2 , wherein

R′ is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical, P(O)(OR A ) 2 , —P(OR A ) 2 , and P(R B ) 2 ; or OR′ is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R″ and R′″ are each independently of one another H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical; or NR″R′″ is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R″″ is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical; or SR″″ is an optionally saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R A is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical;

R B is H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical;

wherein at least one of R 1 and R 5 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen;

(b) R 2 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, benzyl, heteroalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, halogen, acyl, amino, amido, azido, alkyliminyl (—C═NH-alkyl), carboxy, cyano, formyl, carbamoyl, —SF 5 , nitro, OR′, NR″R′″, SR″″, P(O)(OR A ) 2 , —P(OR A ) 2 , and P(R B ) 2 ,

R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, benzyl, heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, halogen, acyl, amino, amido, azido, alkyliminyl (—C═NH-alkyl), carboxy, cyano, formyl, carbamoyl, —SF 5 , nitro, OR′, NR″R′″, SR″″, P(O)(OR A ) 2 , —P(OR A ) 2 , and P(R B ) 2 , wherein

R′ is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical, P(O)(OR A ) 2 , —P(OR A ) 2 , and P(R B ) 2 ; or OR′ is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R″ and R′″ are each independently of one another H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical; or NR″R′″ is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R″″ is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical; or SR″″ is an optionally saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical;

R A is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical;

R B is H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, an (acyclic or cyclic) hydrocarbon radical, hydrocarbonoxy radical, a heterocyclyl radical, heterocyclyloxy radical, heterocyclylthio radical or heterocyclylamino radical;

wherein at least one of R 2 and R 4 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen.

2. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene of claim 1 , wherein

(a) R 1 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, phenyl, chloro, bromo and iodo, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 5 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen;

(b) R 2 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 ) alkenyl, (C 2 -C 4 ) alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 ) cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C 1 -C 6 ) acyl, and formyl, wherein at least one of R 2 and R 4 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen;

(c) R 3 is independently PR′ 2 , NR′ 2 or OR′ wherein each R′ is independently H or (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, and

(d) R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 4 ) alkoxy, halogen, NH 2 , amido, azido, cyano, formyl, carbamoyl, nitro.

3. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene of claim 2 , wherein

(a) R 1 and R 5 are independently H and methyl, wherein at least one of R 1 and R 5 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen;

(b) R 2 and R 4 are independently phenyl or formyl, wherein at least one of R 2 and R 4 on each phenyl ring is not hydrogen;

(c) R 3 is independently OR′ wherein R′ is H or methyl; and

(d) R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.

4. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound of claim 3 , wherein compound has the structure of formula 5 below:

or

its enantiomer.

5. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound of claim 3 ,

wherein compound has the structure of formula 2 below:

or

its enantiomer.

6. An atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound of compound of claim 1 where in the compound is stable to racemization at room temperature (20-25° C.).

7. A method of providing enantiomeric recognition between stereoisomers of a chiral compound, which comprises of adding an atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound of claim 1 to a solution containing a racemic or diasteriomeric mixture of the chiral compound, wherein the chiral compound is an amine, amino alcohol amino acid or alcohol.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the atropisomeric 1,8-bisphenolnaphthalene compound has the structure of formula 2 below:

or

its enantiomer.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the chiral amine is selected from the group consisting of 1-phenylethylamine, 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-amine, 3-dimethylbutan-2-amine, cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine, 1,1-diphenylpropan-2-amine, 1-cyclohexylethanamine, 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-amine, and heptan-2-amine.