Coating of nuclear fuel cladding materials, method for coating nuclear fuel cladding materials
The invention provides a nuclear reactor cladding, wherein at least one layer of coating is deposited on the exterior surface of the cladding. A nuclear reactor cladding, wherein at least one layer of coating is deposited on the interior surface of the cladding. A method of coating a nuclear reactor cladding, with the steps of selecting the cladding and depositing at least one layer of a first coating on the cladding.
1. A nuclear reactor cladding, wherein a coating is deposited at a temperature between 100° C. and 300° C. via atomic layer deposition on the exterior surface of the cladding, wherein the coating is elastic and contains tetragonal phase zirconium dioxide, and wherein the cladding comprises zirconium alloy, and wherein the coating is applied at temperatures lower than temperatures that cause weight gain in the cladding.
2. The cladding of claim 1 wherein the coating comprises multiple layers of materials, the multiple layers comprising at least a first coating layer of alumina and a second coating layer of a combination of zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide.
3. The cladding of claim 1 , wherein the coating is multiple layers of a variety of coating materials.
4. The cladding of claim 3 , wherein the variety of coating materials is a metal-containing compound selected from a group consisting of alumina, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium hydride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, gadolinium oxide, titanium nitride, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.
5. The cladding of claim 1 , wherein the coating is also deposited on an interior surface of the cladding.
6. The cladding of claim 5 , wherein the coating on the exterior and interior surfaces is a metal-containing compound selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium hydride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, gadolinium oxide, titanium nitride, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.
7. The cladding of claim 6 , wherein the exterior surface and interior surface are coated with different coatings.
8. A nuclear reactor cladding, wherein at least one layer of coating is deposited on the interior surface of the cladding at a temperature between 100° C. and 300° C. via atomic layer deposition, wherein the coating is elastic and contains tetragonal phase zirconium dioxide, and wherein the cladding comprises zirconium alloy, and wherein the coating is applied at temperatures lower than temperatures that cause weight gain in the cladding.
9. The cladding of claim 8 , wherein the at least one layer of coating is a metal-containing compound selected from a group consisting of alumina, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium hydride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, gadolinium oxide, titanium nitride, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.
10. The cladding of claim 9 , wherein the at least one layer of coating comprises multiple layers of compounds.
11. The cladding of claim 10 , wherein the coating materials are metal-containing compounds selected from a group consisting of alumina, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium hydride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, gadolinium oxide, titanium nitride, calcium oxide, and combinations thereof.
12. The cladding of claim 11 , wherein the exterior surface and interior surface are coated with different coatings.
13. The cladding of claim 1 wherein the coating is between about 1 and about 1,000 nm thick.
14. The cladding of claim 2 wherein each of the multiple layers is between about 10 and about 15 nm thick.
15. The cladding of claim 2 wherein the total thickness of the multiple layers is about 1,000 nm.
16. The cladding of claim 1 wherein the coating comprises a material selected from a group consisting of alumina, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium nitride, zirconium hydride, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, gadolinium oxide, titanium nitride, and calcium oxide.
17. The cladding of claim 1 wherein the coating is uniform, conformal, and pinhole-free.
18. A coated nuclear reactor cladding created by the process comprising:
a) providing a cladding having an interior and exterior surface; and
b) depositing a coating on the exterior surface of the cladding using atomic layer deposition, wherein the deposited coating is elastic, wherein the cladding comprises zirconium alloy, wherein the coating is deposited at a temperature between 100° C. and 300° C., and wherein the coating contains tetragonal phase zirconium dioxide, and wherein the coating is applied at temperatures lower than temperatures that cause weight gain in the cladding.
19. The coated nuclear reactor cladding of claim 18 wherein the coating comprises multiple layers of materials, the multiple layers comprising at least a first coating layer of alumina and a second coating layer of a combination of zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide.