Methods for producing bioeffective krill oil compositions
New krill oil compositions are disclosed as having high amounts of phospholipids, astaxanthin esters and/or omega-3 contents. The krill oils are obtained from krill meal using supercritical fluid extraction in a two stage process. Stage 1 removes the neutral lipid by extracting with neat supercritical CO 2 or CO 2 plus approximately 5% of a co-solvent. Stage 2 extracts the actual krill oils by using supercritical CO 2 in combination with approximately 20% ethanol. The krill oil materials obatined are compared with commercially available krill oil and found to be more bioeffective in a number of areas such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant effects, improving insulin resistances and improving blood lipid profile.
1. A method of production of polar krill oil from Euphausia superba comprising:
a) treating the Euphausia superba to denature lipases and phospholipases to provide a denatured krill product;
b) contacting the denatured krill product with a polar solvent to extract a polar krill oil comprising phospholipids, said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 3% ether phospholipids w/w of said polar krill oil; from about 27% to 50% non-ether phospholipids w/w of said polar krill oil so that the amount of total phospholipids is from about 30% to 60% w/w of said polar krill oil; from about 20% to 50% triglycerides w/w of said polar krill oil, and astaxanthin esters in amount of greater than about 100 mg/kg of said polar krill oil; and
c) formulating said polar krill oil with a carrier for oral consumption.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 40% phosphatidylcholine w/w of said polar krill oil.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 45% phosphatidylcholine w/w of said polar krill oil.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises at least 36% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises formulating said polar krill oil for oral consumption by a human.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said formulating comprises encapsulating said polar krill oil in a capsule.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said composition polar krill oil.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein said polar krill oil is encapsulated in a soft gel capsule.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 4% w/w ether phospholipids.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
22. The method of claim 16 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 5% w/w ether phospholipids.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
29. The method of claim 24 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treating step occurs on a ship.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein said Euphausia superba is freshly caught.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein said treating is a heat treatment.
33. A method of production of polar krill oil from Euphausia superba comprising:
a) treating the Euphausia superba to denature lipases and phospholipases to provide a denatured krill product;
b) contacting the denatured krill product with a polar solvent to extract a polar krill oil comprising phospholipids, and said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 3% ether phospholipids w/w of said polar krill oil; from about 27% to 50% non-ether phospholipids w/w of said polar krill oil so that the amount of total phospholipids is from about 30% to 60% w/w of said polar krill oil, from about 20% to 50% triglycerides w/w of said polar krill oil, and astaxanthin esters in amount of greater than about 100 mg/kg of said polar krill oil; and
c) encapsulating said polar krill oil in a soft gel capsule.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein said Euphausia superba is freshly caught.
35. The method of claim 33 , wherein said treating is a heat treatment.
36. The method of claim 33 , wherein the treating step occurs on a ship.
37. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 40% phosphatidylcholine w/w of said polar krill oil.
38. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 45% phosphatidylcholine w/w of said polar krill oil.
39. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises at least 36% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
40. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
41. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
42. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil contains greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
43. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
45. The method of claim 33 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.
46. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 4% w/w ether phospholipids.
47. The method of claim 46 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
48. The method of claim 46 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
49. The method of claim 46 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
50. The method of claim 49 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
51. The method of claim 46 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
52. The method of claim 51 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
53. The method of claim 52 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
54. The method of claim 46 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.
55. The method of claim 33 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 5% w/w ether phospholipids.
56. The method of claim 55 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 200 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
57. The method of claim 55 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 300 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
58. The method of claim 56 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises from about 20% to 35% omega-3 fatty acids as a percentage of total fatty acids in said polar krill oil.
59. The method of claim 58 , wherein from about 70% to 95% of said omega-3 fatty acids are attached to said phospholipids.
60. The method of claim 55 , wherein said polar krill oil comprises greater than about 400 mg/kg astaxanthin esters.
61. The method of claim 55 , further comprising combining said polar krill oil with a plant phytonutrient.