Bulk acoustic wave accelerometers
Accelerometers and associated techniques for detecting motion are described. For a resonant accelerometer, an externally-applied acceleration can cause a change in the electrical spring constant K e of the electromechanical system. A resonant accelerometer can be driven to resonate in a bulk acoustic wave mode of vibration, which can have a high resonant frequency. Other accelerometers and associated techniques are disclosed.
1. A method of measuring motion using an electromechanical resonator having a resonant frequency and an electrical spring constant, the electromechanical resonator comprising a resonator element, the method comprising:
driving the resonator element to vibrate along a first axis in a bulk acoustic resonance mode at a resonant frequency, the resonator element suspended by a suspension member configured to vibrate in a flexural mode; and
measuring motion along the first axis based on a change in the electrical spring constant of the electromechanical resonator.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein motion is detected based on a change in the resonant frequency of the electromechanical resonator.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromechanical resonator has a mechanical spring constant that is a substantially fixed.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the resonant frequency is higher than about 1 MHz.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motion is measured according to the phase of a signal provided by the electromechanical resonator.
6. A method of measuring motion using an electromechanical resonator, the method comprising:
providing an accelerometer comprising resonator element configured to vibrate along a first axis in a bulk acoustic wave mode at a resonant frequency, the resonator element being suspended by a suspension member and having a variable electrical spring constant that depends on a size of a capacitive gap between the resonator element and at least one electrode, the suspension member having a dimension substantially different than that of the resonator element, the one electrode configured to sense a change in a parameter value tied to a change in the electrical spring constant and to provide an output signal therefor; and
sensing with the one electrode a change in the parameter value tied to a change in the electrical spring constant; and
deriving an acceleration determination signal from an output of the one electrode.
7. A method of measuring motion using an electromechanical resonator, the method comprising:
providing an accelerometer comprising a resonator element having a resonant frequency of at least about 1 MHz and configured to vibrate along a first axis, the resonator element being suspended by a suspension member and having a variable electrical spring constant that depends on a size of a capacitive gap between the resonator element and a first electrode, the suspension member having a dimension substantially different than that of the resonator element;
sensing with the first electrode a change in a parameter value tied to a change in the electrical spring constant and providing an output signal therefor; and
determining with an acceleration determination module an amount of external acceleration applied to the accelerometer based on the output signal provided by the first electrode.
8. A method of measuring motion using an electromechanical resonator, the method comprising:
providing a resonator element comprising a proof mass suspended by a suspension member and allowing separation of the proof mass from a drive electrode by a capacitive gap and driven by the drive electrode to vibrate along a first axis in a bulk acoustic resonance mode at a resonant frequency, the suspension member having dimensions substantially different than the proof mass and configured to vibrate in a flexural mode, the resonator element having a variable electrical spring constant that depends on a size of a capacitive gap between the resonator element and a first electrode,
applying a polarization voltage between the resonator element and the first electrode;
sensing with a parameter electrode a change in a parameter value tied to a change in the electrical spring constant; and
deriving an acceleration determination signal from an output of the one electrode.