Filter substrate composition
An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
1. A filter substrate for removing contaminants, comprising:
an aggregate composition having an insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprising cerium (IV) oxide (CeO 2 ) adhered to a polymeric binder to form the filter substrate having a fluid permeable block structure, wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than about 11% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound.
2. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, cellulosic polymers, and glasses.
3. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean surface area of at least about 5 m 2 /g.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of greater than about 1 nm.
5. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds.
6. The filter substrate of claim 5 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compounds have one or both of differing valence and oxidation states.
7. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more of fibers, particulates, fiber aggregates and particulate aggregates.
8. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare-earth containing compound interacts with a contaminant in a solution or gas.
9. The filter substrate of claim 8 , wherein the contaminate is a chemical contaminate.
10. The filter substrate of claim 8 , wherein the contaminate is a biological contaminate.
11. The filter substrate of claim 8 , wherein the solution or gas flows through the aggregate composition.
12. The filter substrate of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more of polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, phenolic resins, melamine resins, melamine formaldehyde, and urea formaldehyde, nylons and other polyamides, polyethylenes, including LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, polyethylene copolymers with other polyolefins, polyvinylchlorides (both plasticized and unplasticized), fluorocarbon resins, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrenes, polypropylenes, cellulosic resins such as cellulose acetate butyrates, acrylic resins, such as polyacrylates and polymethylmethacrylates, thermoplastic blends or grafts such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes or acrylonitrile-styrenes, polycarbonates, polyvinylacetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, polyacetals, polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ether ketone, and phenol-formaldehyde resins, such as resols and novolacs, natural and/or synthetic rubbers, like styrene-butadiene rubbers, neoprenes, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, silicones, polyurethanes, alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyolefins, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, perfluoroelastomers, polychloroprene (neoprene), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, fluoroelastomers, and ZALAK™ (Dupont-Dow elastomer).
13. A filter substrate for removing contaminants, comprising:
cerium (IV) oxide (CeO 2 ); and
a polymeric binder adhered to the cerium (IV) oxide to form a fluid permeable block structure configured to pass a contaminated fluid to be purified by the cerium (IV).
14. The filter substrate of claim 13 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, cellulosic polymers, and glasses.
15. The filter substrate of claim 13 , wherein the cerium (IV) oxide is in the form of particulates having a mean surface area of at least about 5 m 2 /g and wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than about 11% by weight of the cerium (IV) oxide.
16. The device of claim 13 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of greater than about 1 nm.
17. The filter substrate of claim 13 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more of fibers, particulates, fiber aggregates and particulate aggregates.
18. The filter substrate of claim 13 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more of polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, phenolic resins, melamine resins, melamine formaldehyde, and urea formaldehyde, nylons and other polyamides, polyethylenes, including LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, polyethylene copolymers with other polyolefins, polyvinylchlorides (both plasticized and unplasticized), fluorocarbon resins, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrenes, polypropylenes, cellulosic resins such as cellulose acetate butyrates, acrylic resins, such as polyacrylates and polymethylmethacrylates, thermoplastic blends or grafts such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes or acrylonitrile-styrenes, polycarbonates, polyvinylacetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, polyacetals, polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ether ketone, and phenol-formaldehyde resins, such as resols and novolacs, natural and/or synthetic rubbers, like styrene-butadiene rubbers, neoprenes, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, silicones, polyurethanes, alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyolefins, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, perfluoroelastomers, polychloroprene (neoprene), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, fluoroelastomers, and ZALAK™ (Dupont-Dow elastomer).
19. A filter substrate for removing contaminants, comprising:
cerium (IV) oxide (CeO 2 ); and
a polymeric binder adhered to the cerium (IV) oxide to form a fluid permeable block structure configured to pass a contaminated fluid to be purified by the cerium (IV), wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than about 11% by weight of the cerium (IV) oxide and wherein the polymeric binder comprises one or more of polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, phenolic resins, melamine resins, melamine formaldehyde, and urea formaldehyde, nylons and other polyamides, polyethylenes, including LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, polyethylene copolymers with other polyolefins, polyvinylchlorides (both plasticized and unplasticized), fluorocarbon resins, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrenes, polypropylenes, cellulosic resins such as cellulose acetate butyrates, acrylic resins, such as polyacrylates and polymethylmethacrylates, thermoplastic blends or grafts such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes or acrylonitrile-styrenes, polycarbonates, polyvinylacetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, polyacetals, polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ether ketone, and phenol-formaldehyde resins, such as resols and novolacs, natural and/or synthetic rubbers, like styrene-butadiene rubbers, neoprenes, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, silicones, polyurethanes, alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyolefins, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, perfluoroelastomers, polychloroprene (neoprene), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, fluoroelastomers, and ZALAK™ (Dupont-Dow elastomer).