Methods for detecting enzyme activity using fluorescence lifetime imaging
Disclosed are methods of detecting enzymatic activity on a fluorophore-labeled substrate using by monitoring the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore.
1. A method of detecting phosphorylation activity of an enzyme in a sample, the method comprising:
contacting the sample with a biosensor, the biosensor comprising a Cy5 fluorophore and a synthetic peptide substrate including the sequence GGEAIYAAPC Cy5 GGRKKRRQRRRPQ wherein a binding domain between the biosensor and the enzyme consists essentially of the biosensor and the enzyme; and
monitoring fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore not in the presence of a quenching moiety to detect phosphorylation of the biosensor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophore is monitored by fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and/or fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate of the enzyme is a synthetic peptide.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate of the enzyme is a peptidomimetic.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises an intact cell.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the biosensor further comprises a cell penetrating peptide.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cell penetrating peptide is a TAT peptide.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell is contacted ex vivo.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell is contacted in vivo.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cell is contacted by administering the biosensor to an organism comprising the cell.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the biosensor comprises a targeting moiety for targeting the cell.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the biosensor is administered to the organism in a suitable vehicle.
13. The method of claim 5 , further comprising exposing the cell to a potential inhibitor of the enzyme and assessing the effect of the exposure to the inhibitor on the enzyme activity by the fluorescent lifetime of the fluorophore.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises an enzyme in vitro.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of detection includes detection of phosphorylation of only the biosensor.