Primate T-lymphotropic viruses
Disclosed are compositions and methods related to the isolation and identification of the primate T-lymphotropic viruses, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. The diversity of HTLVs was investigated among central Africans reporting contact with NHP blood and body fluids through hunting, butchering, and keeping primate pets. Herein it is shown that this population is infected with a variety of HTLVs, including two retroviruses; HTLV-4 is the first member of a novel phylogenetic lineage that is distinct from all known HTLVs and STLVs; HTLV-3 falls within the genetic diversity of STLV-3, a group that has not previously been seen in humans. The present disclosure also relates to vectors and vaccines for use in humans against infection and disease. The disclosure further relates to a variety of bioassays and kits for the detection and diagnosis of infection with and diseases caused by HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 and related viruses.
1. A method of identifying new primate T-lymphotropic viruses comprising:
contacting a nucleic acid using a first set of primers, wherein the first set of primers is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) primers that hybridize to SEQ ID NO: 36, 53 or 81, wherein the primers are fluorescently labeled; or
(b) SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26, SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 28, SEQ ID NOs: 29 and 30, NOs: 31 and 32, SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34, SEQ ID SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 70, SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72, SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74, SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76, SEQ ID NOs: 77 and 78, and SEQ ID NOs: 79 and 80;
amplifying the nucleic acid;
identifying any amplified nucleic acid; and
comparing the sequence to known primate T-lymphotropic viral sequences, wherein sequence divergence greater than 5% indicates a new virus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises contacting the nucleic acid using a second set of primers internal to the first set of primers.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first set of primers is selected from the group of primers pairs consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 28, SEQ ID NOs: 31 and 32, SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 70, SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74, and SEQ ID NOs: 77 and 78, and wherein the second set of primers is selected from the group of primer pairs consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26, SEQ ID NOs: 29 and 30, SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34, SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72, SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76, and SEQ ID NOs: 79 and 80.
4. A method of identifying new primate T-lymphotropic viruses comprising:
contacting a nucleic acid using a set of primers selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26, SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 28, SEQ ID NOs: 29 and 30, NOs: 31 and 32, SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34, SEQ ID SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 70, SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72, SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74, SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76, SEQ ID NOs: 77 and 78, and SEQ ID NOs: 79 and 80;
amplifying the nucleic acid;
identifying any amplified nucleic acid; and
comparing the sequence to known primate T-lymphotropic viral sequences, wherein sequence divergence greater than 5% indicates a new virus.
5. A method of identifying new primate T-lymphotropic viruses comprising:
contacting a nucleic acid using a first set of primers, wherein the first set of primers is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12, SEQ ID NOs: 15 and 16, SEQ ID NOs: 23 and 24, SEQ ID NOs: 27 and 28, NOs: 31 and 32, SEQ ID SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 70, SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74, and SEQ ID NOs: 77 and 78;
amplifying the nucleic acid;
identifying any amplified nucleic acid; and
comparing the sequence to known primate T-lymphotropic viral sequences, wherein sequence divergence greater than 5% indicates a new virus.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method further comprises contacting the nucleic acid using a second set of primers internal to the first set of primers.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second set of primers is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10, SEQ ID NOs: 13 and 14, SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 18, SEQ ID NOs: 25 and 26, SEQ ID NOs: 29 and 30, SEQ ID NOs: 33 and 34, SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72, SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76, and SEQ ID NOs: 79 and 80.