Contaminant-free fertilizer from liquidized sewage sludge
Hydrophobic contaminants are removed from sludge that has been liquidized by violent shearing, by stirring a hydrophobic sorbent substance material into the sludge. After a period of time in which the contaminants are sorbed into the sorbent, the sorbent substance is separated from the sludge by gravity-settling, centrifuging, etc, where the sorbent is a liquid, or by filtration etc where the sorbent is a solid. Some sorbents have a melting point such that the sorbent can be liquid for good dispersal in heated sludge, and then can be solid when the sludge has cooled, whereby the sorbent can be removed e.g by filtration. Liquefaction by violent shearing causes the biosolids in the sludge to go into solution, which leaves the hydrophobic contaminants more available to be sorbed.
1. Procedure for removing a hydrophobic contaminant from liquidized sewage sludge, including:
[2] mixing a hydrophobic sorbent substance and the liquidized sludge in a vessel, forming a mixture thereof;
[3] then leaving the hydrophobic sorbent substance mixed into the liquidized sludge for such residence time period that the hydrophobic contaminant is substantially sorbed out of the sludge and into the hydrophobic sorbent substance;
[4] where the hydrophobic sorbent substance is so constituted as to be capable, having been mixed into the sludge, of then being physically separated from the sludge;
[5] then physically separating the now-contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent substance from the liquidized sludge.
2. As in claim 1 , including stirring the mixture in the vessel to such effect that the hydrophobic sorbent substance is distributed substantially evenly through the liquidized sludge.
3. As in claim 2 , including:
[2] where the hydrophobic sorbent substance is so constituted as to be capable, having been mixed into the sludge, of being physically filtered out of the sludge;
[3] separating the contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent substance from the sludge by passing the mixture through a physical filter, of such mesh size as to filter out the hydrophobic sorbent substance from the sludge.
4. As in claim 2 , including:
[2] where the hydrophobic sorbent substance, prior to being mixed with the sludge in the vessel, is in the form of solid pellets;
[3] where the pellets are of such large size that the pellets cannot pass through a filter;
[4] where the pellets have the capability to remain physically intact upon being mixed into the sludge;
[5] gently mixing the solid pellets into the liquidized sludge, substantially without affecting the size of the pellets;
[6] separating the contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent substance from the sludge by passing the mixture through a physical filter, of such mesh size as to filter out the pellets.
5. As in claim 2 , including:
[2] where the hydrophobic sorbent substance, upon being mixed with the sludge in the vessel, is in liquid form;
[3] mixing the hydrophobic sorbent liquid into the liquidized sludge;
[4] where the hydrophobic sorbent liquid, having been mixed with the liquidized sludge in the vessel for the residence time period, has the capability, in relation to the liquidized sludge, to be substantially separated physically from the liquidized sludge;
[5] physically separating the now-contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent liquid from the liquidized sludge.
6. As in claim 5 , including:
[2] where the hydrophobic sorbent liquid and the liquidized sludge are of different densities;
[3] physically separating the now-contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent liquid from the liquidized sludge by gravity-settling or by centrifuging.
7. As in claim 2 , including:
[2] where the hydrophobic sorbent substance has a melting point MP° C.;
[3] below MP° C., the substance is substantially solid, and
[4] above MP° C., the substance is substantially liquid;
[5] mixing the substance into the sludge while the substance and the sludge in the vessel are at a temperature higher than MP° C.
8. As in claim 7 , including:
[2] at the expiry of the residence time, enabling the mixture to cool to a temperature below MP° C., whereby the substance becomes solid;
[3] physically separating the now-contaminant-laden and now-solid hydrophobic sorbent from the liquidized sludge.
9. As in claim 8 , including separating the solid sorbent from the liquidized sludge by gravity-settling or by centrifuging.
10. As in claim 8 , including separating the solid sorbent from the liquidized sludge by physical filtration.
11. As in claim 1 , wherein:
[2] the sludge has been liquidized by violent shearing;
[3] the sludge contains bio-cellular materials, which have been thoroughly hydrolysed and solubilized into the sludge by the shearing;
[4] the liquidized sludge, as to its physical constitution, is substantially completely homogeneous, including on a microscopic sub-cellular scale; and
[5] the bio-cellular materials are substantially not discernible, in the liquidized sludge, as solids.
12. As in claim 1 , wherein the sludge is sludge that, prior to shearing, was dewatered to ten percent solids, or more.
13. As in claim 1 , wherein:
[2] the liquidized sewage sludge in the vessel contains a mass of hydrophobic contaminants;
[3] the procedure is effective to diminish the mass of hydrophobic contaminants in the sludge by at least fifty percent.
14. Biosolids fertilizer, characterized in that:
[2] the fertilizer has been manufactured from liquidized biosolids sludge;
[3] upon being liquidized, the sludge contained a mass of hydrophobic contaminants;
[4] after liquefaction, the hydrophobic contaminants have been diminished by at least fifty percent by the use of a procedure that embodies every word of claim 1 .