Energetic materials and methods of tailoring electrostatic discharge sensitivity of energetic materials
An energetic material comprising an elemental fuel, an oxidizer or other element, and a carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods, where the carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods are substantially homogeneously dispersed in the energetic material. Methods of tailoring the electrostatic discharge sensitivity of an energetic material are also disclosed.
1. An energetic material comprising:
an elemental fuel comprising an average particle size of between about 20 nm and about 20 μm;
an oxidizer comprising an average particle size of between about 20 nm and about 100 μm;
a carbon nanofiller; and
carbon fiber rods,
wherein the carbon nanofiller is substantially homogeneously dispersed in the energetic material.
2. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanofiller comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, or combinations thereof.
3. The energetic material of claim 2 , wherein openings in the carbon nanotubes are substantially free of the oxidizer.
4. The energetic material of claim 2 , wherein openings in the carbon nanotubes are substantially free of the elemental fuel.
5. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the elemental fuel comprises aluminum, boron, beryllium, hafnium, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, neodymium, tantalum, thorium, titanium, yttrium, zirconium, or combinations thereof.
6. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer comprises an oxide, a perchlorate, a permanganate, a fluoropolymer, or combinations thereof.
7. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer comprises a silver oxide, a boron oxide, a bismuth oxide, a cobalt oxide, a chromium oxide, a copper oxide, an iron oxide, a mercury oxide, an iodide oxide, a manganese oxide, a molybdenum oxide, a niobium oxide, a nickel oxide, a lead oxide, a palladium oxide, an tin oxide, a tantalum oxide, a titanium oxide, a uranium oxide, a vanadium oxide, a tungsten oxide, a silicon oxide, or combinations thereof.
8. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer comprises potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, ammonium permanganate, sodium permanganate or combinations thereof.
9. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride, or combinations thereof.
10. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the energetic material comprises aluminum, PTFE, and at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets.
11. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the energetic material comprises aluminum, copper(II) oxide, and at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets.
12. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the energetic material excludes an energetic material consisting of aluminum, manganese oxide, and carbon nanotubes.
13. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the elemental fuel comprises aluminum and the oxidizer comprises boron, carbon, calcium, cerium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lanthanum, lithium, manganese, nickel, palladium, praseodymium, platinum, plutonium, sulfur, tantalum, titanium, uranium, vanadium, zirconium, or combinations thereof.
14. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanofiller comprises from about 0.5% by volume to about 25% by volume of the energetic material.
15. A method of tailoring electrostatic discharge sensitivity of an energetic material, comprising:
substantially homogeneously dispersing a carbon nanofiller and carbon fiber rods with an elemental fuel and an oxidizer to form an energetic material, the elemental fuel comprising an average particle size of between about 20 nm and about 20 μm and the oxidizer comprising an average particle size of between about 20 nm and about 100 μm.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein substantially homogeneously dispersing a carbon nanofiller and carbon fiber rods with an elemental fuel and an oxidizer comprises combining from about 0.5% by volume to about 25% by volume of the carbon nanofiller in the energetic material.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein substantially homogeneously dispersing a carbon nanofiller and carbon fiber rods with an elemental fuel and an oxidizer comprises substantially homogeneously dispersing the carbon nanofiller in the energetic material at an amount exceeding the percolation threshold.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein substantially homogeneously dispersing a carbon nanofiller and carbon fiber rods with an elemental fuel and an oxidizer comprises creating electrical connections through the energetic material to dissipate electrostatic discharge.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein substantially homogeneously dispersing a carbon nanofiller and carbon fiber rods with an elemental fuel and an oxidizer comprises combining carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, or combinations thereof with the elemental fuel and oxidizer.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising drying the energetic material.
21. An energetic material comprising:
an elemental fuel, an oxidizer, and carbon fiber rods,
wherein the carbon fiber rods are substantially homogeneously dispersed in the energetic material.
22. The energetic material of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizer comprises a metal oxide.