EGR distribution and fluctuation probe based on CO2 measurements

1. An apparatus for determining concentration of a substance in a fluid stream, the apparatus comprising:

a laser light source coupled to a first end of a pitch optic cable, the laser light source being a swept-λ laser configured to produce light output over a sweep range that includes a region having a significant absorption feature of the substance and at least one region of substantially zero absorption;

a lens disposed proximate a second end of the pitch optic cable for directing the light through a sampling chamber to a mirror;

a catch optic cable having a second end disposed proximate said lens;

a catch optic affixed to a first end of said catch optic cable, said catch optic including a detector, said detector providing an output signal representative of light intensity across said sweep range; and

a processor coupled to said detector, said processor configured to determine said concentration as a function of said output signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said processor is configured to normalize said output signal using a baseline established as a function of said zero absorption region and to determine said concentration as a function of said normalized signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said substance is CO 2 and said laser has a sweep range centered at about 2.7082 μm.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said laser has a sweep range including substantially zero absorption regions on opposite sides of said CO 2 absorption feature.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said laser has a sweep range from about 2.708 μm to about 2.7085 μm.

6. A diagnostic system for determining CO 2 concentration comprising:

a swept-λ laser having a sweep range including a CO 2 absorption feature and at least one substantially zero absorption region;

a beam splitter disposed adjacent to said laser to split an output light beam of said laser into a plurality of light beams;

a plurality of probes coupled to said beam splitter, each of said probes being uniquely associated with a corresponding one of said plurality of light beams, each probe including:

a single port housing;

a sampling chamber defined within said housing;

a pitch optical cable disposed within said housing, said pitch optical cable conveying said light beam to said sampling chamber;

a catch optical cable disposed within said housing, said catch optical cable conveying said light beam from said sampling chamber;

a mirror disposed adjacent said sampling chamber for reflecting said light beam to said catch optical cable; and

a processor for determining CO 2 concentration as a function of at least one light beam conveyed from said sampling chamber of at least one of said plurality of probes.

7. The system of claim 6 further including a light combiner operatively coupled to each of said plurality of probes, said light combiner configured to combine the light beams from each of said plurality of probes into a single composite light beam; and

a detector for producing an output signal representative of light intensity in said composite light beam.

8. The system of claim 7 further including a processor coupled to said detector, said processor configured to determine CO 2 concentration as a function of said output signal.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said laser has a sweep range centered at about 2.7082 μm.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said processor is configured to normalize said output signal using a baseline established as a function of said zero absorption region and to determine said CO 2 concentration as a function of said normalized signal.

11. The system of claim 9 wherein said laser has a sweep range including substantially zero absorption regions on opposite sides of said CO 2 absorption features; and

said processor is configured to normalize said output signal using a baseline established as a function of said zero absorption regions and to determine said CO 2 concentration as a function of said normalized signal.

12. The system of claim 9 wherein said laser has a sweep range from about 2.708 μm to about 2.7085 μm.

13. The system of claim 12 further including a plurality of modulating components, each of said modulating components being uniquely associated with a corresponding one of said plurality of probes, each of said modulating components being configured to introduce a unique modulation into said light beam passing through said corresponding probe.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein each of said modulating components is a wave chopper, each of said wave choppers configured to operate at a different chopping frequency.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said processor is configured to discriminate between said plurality of light beams combined in said composite light beam based on said unique modulations.

16. The system of claim 6 further including a plurality of detectors, each of said detectors being uniquely associated with a corresponding one of said plurality of probes to provide an output signal representative of light intensity in a corresponding one of said light beams.

17. A method for determining concentration of a substance in a fluid stream, comprising the steps of:

providing a probe with a sampling chamber;

providing a swept-λ laser having a sweep range including a significant absorption feature of the substance and at least one substantially zero absorption region;

producing a light beam with the laser;

directing the light beam into said probe and through said sampling chamber, the sampling chamber containing the fluid stream to be measured;

receiving the light beam at a detector, the detector producing an output signal representative of light intensity in the light beam;

normalizing the output signal with a processor as a function of light intensity in the zero absorption region; and

determining the concentration of the substance with a processor as function of the output signal of the detector, said normalizing step occurring prior said determining step.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of probes;

splitting the light beam into a plurality of split light beams;

directing each of the plurality of split light beams to a corresponding one of the plurality of probes;

providing a plurality of detectors;

receiving each of the plurality of split light beams at a corresponding one of the plurality of detectors; and

separately determining the concentration of the substance at each of the plurality of probes with a processor as function of the output of the plurality of detectors.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

providing a plurality of probes;

splitting the light beam into a plurality of split light beams;

introducing a different modulation into each of the split light beams;

directing each of the plurality of split light beams to a corresponding one of the plurality of probes;

combining the split light beams into a single composite light beam after said directing step;

providing a detector;

receiving the composite light beam at the detector, the detector providing an output signal; and

separately determining the concentration of the substance at each of the plurality of probes with a processor as function of the output of the plurality of detectors, the processor discriminating between the plurality of probes as a function of the modulation introduced into each of the split light beams.