Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
A steel wire having a stainless steel exterior; the steel wire includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 μm to about 250 μm, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition includes an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 μm and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition. The bonding composition includes an admixture of iron and chromium, with a chromium concentration proximal to the stainless steel region that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the stainless steel region and has a chromium concentration proximal to the core region that has less than about 5 wt. % chromium.
1. A steel tube comprising:
a core region, a bonding region and a stainless steel region;
the core region metallurgically bonded to the stainless steel region by the bonding region; the core region comprising at least 55 wt. % iron;
the stainless steel region having a thickness of about 5 μm to about 250 μm, having a stainless steel composition, the stainless steel composition comprising an admixture of iron and chromium, and the stainless steel composition comprising a chromium concentration of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % that varies by less than 5 wt. %; and
the bonding region positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, having a thickness that is greater than 5 μm and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and having a bonding composition,
the bonding region further having a chromium concentration gradient that decreases from a chromium concentration, proximal to the stainless steel region, that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the stainless steel region, to a chromium concentration, proximal to the core region, that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the core region.
2. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the core region is substantially free of chromium.
3. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the core region is a carbon steel having a carbon concentration of less than about 0.5 wt. %.
4. A steel tube of claim 3 , wherein the core region is a carbon steel having a carbon concentration of less than about 0.25 wt. %.
5. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel region has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 100 μm.
6. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the bonding region has a thickness of about 5 μm to about 100 μm.
7. A steel tube of claim 6 , wherein the bonding region has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 50 μm.
8. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists of an admixture of iron, chromium, and a transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, copper, and a mixture thereof.
9. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists of an admixture of iron, chromium, and nickel; wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a nickel concentration of about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %; and wherein the bonding composition consists essentially of iron, chromium and nickel.
10. A steel tube of claim 9 , wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a chromium concentration of about 16 wt. % to about 25 wt. % and nickel concentration of about 6 wt. % to about 14 wt. %.
11. A steel tube of claim 9 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists essentially of iron, chromium and nickel.
12. A steel tube of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a chromium concentration of about 10.5 wt. % to about 18 wt. %.
13. A steel tube of claim 12 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists essentially of iron and chromium; and wherein the bonding composition consists essentially of iron and chromium.