Flameless heating composition
The present invention relates to flameless heating apparatus for food products. In particular, the present invention relates to an improved potentially exothermic mixture/blend for such heaters and to a meal package including foods, and heating apparatus. It is known to have food products such as rations for back-packer, adventurers and military forces which comprise hermetically sealed packages of food which can be heated without flame, on demand. Such food products and apparatus are collectively referred to as Meals-Ready-to-Eat (“MRE”). In addition to the above uses, the products can be used as emergency rations for shelters and for heating of non-food products. Currently MRE packages yield hydrogen as a by-product. The present invention seeks to improve the efficiency of the reaction. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a composition operable to provide thermal output with no or an insignificant production of any flammable gasses.
1. A heat source, suitable for a meal-ready-to-eat package, wherein the heat source comprises a substantially dry powdered composition of an alkaline earth peroxide, an alkali carbonate and a reducing agent; wherein, in the presence of water, the alkaline earth peroxide and the alkali carbonate produce peroxide in solution which reacts with the reducing agent to provide thermal energy as a reaction product.
2. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide.
3. A heat source according claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide and wherein the calcium peroxide is provided as a mixture with calcium hydroxide and an acid wherein the amount of acid is equivalent in molar terms to the calcium hydroxide.
4. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide and wherein the calcium peroxide is provided as a mixture with calcium hydroxide and an acid wherein the amount of acid is equivalent in molar terms to the calcium hydroxide, wherein the acid is succinic acid.
5. A heat source according to claim 3 , wherein the acid is selected from the group comprising oxalic acid, citric acid and malic acid.
6. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali carbonate is sodium carbonate.
7. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is provided as a powdered composition.
8. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent comprises aluminum.
9. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent includes aluminum.
10. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent includes aluminum, wherein the chemical structure of the reducing agent contains a sulphur atom.
11. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent includes sodium metabisulphite.
12. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent includes ascorbic acid.
13. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the heat source components are provided as mixed powdered composition and the principal powdered compositions are in approximately equal molar proportions.
14. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the heat source components are provided as powdered compositions packaged with the powders separately contained.
15. A heat source according to claim 1 , wherein the heat source components are provided as powdered compositions packaged with the powders separately contained, wherein the separate powders are permitted to mix upon addition of the water.
16. A meal-ready-to-eat package wherein the active composition utilizes porous fiber bags into which are placed a substantially dry powdered composition of an alkaline earth peroxide, an alkali carbonate and a reducing agent; wherein, in the presence of water, the alkaline earth peroxide and the alkali carbonate produce peroxide in solution which reacts with the reducing agent to provide thermal energy as a reaction product.
17. A heat source according to claim 16 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide.
18. A heat source according claim 16 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide and wherein the calcium peroxide is provided as a mixture with calcium hydroxide and an acid wherein the amount of acid is equivalent in molar terms to the calcium hydroxide.
19. A heat source according to claim 16 , wherein the alkaline earth peroxide is calcium peroxide and wherein the calcium peroxide is provided as a mixture with calcium hydroxide and an acid wherein the amount of acid is equivalent in molar terms to the calcium hydroxide, wherein the acid is succinic acid.