Staged bacteriophage remediation of target bacteria
A process for remediation of target bacteria, particularly sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB), in waters (“target water”) having a multiplicity and diverse host target bacteria by employing serial or staged bacteria culturing and lysing of dominant bacteria. Remediation of sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB) is effected by application of a series of bacteriophage isolated from the staged culturing and bacteriophage lysing of successive aliquots of waters containing a multiplicity of SRB.
1. A process for control of multiple target bacteria in a water source comprising the following sequential steps:
(a) culturing a first dominant bacteria in a first mixed bacteria solution obtained from the water source, said first mixed bacteria solution containing dominant bacteria and sub-dominant bacteria, isolating a virulent phage for the first dominant bacteria, and lysing the first dominant bacteria from the first mixed bacteria solution to remove the first dominant bacteria from the mixed solution, thereby generating a second mixed bacteria solution lacking the first dominant bacteria;
(b) culturing the next dominant bacteria from the second mixed bacteria solution lacking the first dominant bacteria; isolating a virulent phage for the next dominant bacteria and lysing the next dominant bacteria from the second mixed bacterial solution to remove the next dominant bacteria, thereby generating a subsequent mixed bacterial solution lacking both the first and next dominant bacteria;
(c) performing the culturing, isolating, and lysing steps on each subsequent mixed bacterial solution to provide a set of bacteriophage that will lyse the first dominant bacteria and multiple subdominant bacteria in the first, second and subsequent mixed bacteria solutions; and
(d) applying an effective amount of the bacteriophage of said set either as a mixture or sequentially to the water source.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the first dominant and each sequentially subdominant bacteria in the first, second and subsequent mixed bacteria solutions are sulfate reducing bacteria.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the dominant bacteria is a temperate bacteria that is stressed to produce virulent phages.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein target bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterales, Desulfovibrionales, Syntrophobacterales, Thiobacilli, T. thiooxidans, T. denitrificans, Gallionella and Siderophacus.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the culturing of bacteria in the sequential steps is conducted using conditions that substantially approximate the conditions where the bacteriophages will be used against target bacteria or the conditions under which the bacteriophage were isolated from the mixed solution.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the culturing conditions comprise the parameters of temperature, oxygen level and salinity.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein at least three sequential culturing, isolating and lysing steps are conducted to produce phage virulent for a first dominant bacteria, a sequentially sub-dominant bacteria, and a further sequentially sub-sub-dominant bacteria detected in the water source.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the water source is selected from the group consisting of water from oil or gas operations, cooling water tower water, and pulp and paper operations process and waste waters.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (d) further comprises applying the phage virulent for the first dominant bacteria to a mixture of target bacteria in the water source, and applying phage virulent for each subsequent sub-dominant bacteria after growth of each said sub-dominant bacteria in the water source is sequentially detected.
10. A process for control of multiple target bacteria in a water source comprising:
(a) culturing a dominant bacteria from a first mixture of target bacteria obtained from the water source, and isolating a virulent phage for the dominant bacteria;
(b) isolating a temperate bacteria present in the first mixture and stressing the temperate bacteria to produce an additional virulent phage that can lyse the temperate bacteria;
(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) and assembling a set of virulent phage that can lyse multiple dominant and temperate bacteria in the water source; and
(d) applying an effective amount of the virulent phage either as an assembled set or sequentially to a water source containing a mixture of target bacteria the same as those found in said first mixture.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the temperate bacteria in the first mixture are stressed by application of an appropriate amount of ultra-violet light, heat, antibiotics or chemicals that are toxic to the bacteria.
12. The process of claim 10 wherein the dominant bacteria in the first mixture are sulfate reducing bacteria.
13. The process of claim 10 wherein at least three repetitions of steps (a) and (b) are conducted to produce a set of virulent phage that includes a phage virulent for a dominant bacteria, a phage virulent for a sub-dominant bacteria and a phage virulent for a sub-sub-dominant bacteria in the water source.