Method to Remove Sapphire Substrate

1 . A light-emitting diode (LED), comprising:

a substrate;

a conductive layer disposed over the substrate;

a first doped semiconductor layer disposed over the conductive layer, the first doped semiconductor layer having a first type of conductivity;

an active layer disposed over the first doped semiconductor layer;

a second doped semiconductor layer disposed over the active layer, the second doped semiconductor layer having a second type of conductivity different from the first type;

an undoped buffer layer disposed over the second doped semiconductor layer, wherein the undoped buffer layer includes an opening that exposes a roughened surface of the second doped semiconductor layer; and

a plurality of conductive elements disposed within the opening and over the second doped semiconductor layer.

2 . The LED of claim 1 , further comprising a passivation layer disposed on sidewalls of the first doped semiconductor layer, the active layer, and the second doped semiconductor layer.

3 . The LED of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective layer disposed between the conductive layer and the substrate.

4 . The LED of claim 3 , further comprising:

an adhesion metal layer disposed over the substrate; and

a bonding metal disposed between the adhesion metal layer and the reflective layer.

5 . The LED of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes a silicon material, a ceramic material, or a metal material.

6 . The LED of claim 1 , wherein the first doped semiconductor layer and the second doped semiconductor layer each contain a gallium nitride material.

7 . The LED of claim 6 , wherein:

the first doped semiconductor layer contains a p-type gallium nitride material; and

the second doped semiconductor layer contains an n-type gallium nitride material.

8 . The LED of claim 1 , wherein the active layer includes a plurality of alternating layers of gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride.

9 . The LED of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface includes a plurality of miniature triangular patterns.

10 . The LED of claim 1 , wherein:

a first subset of the conductive elements are conductive pads; and

a second subset of the conductive elements are conductive contacts that interconnect the conductive pads.

11 . A light-emitting diode (LED), comprising:

a substrate;

a conductive layer disposed over the substrate;

a first semiconductor layer disposed over the conductive layer;

a light-emitting layer disposed over the first semiconductor layer;

a second semiconductor layer disposed over the light-emitting layer, wherein one of the first and second semiconductor layers is doped with an n-type dopant, and wherein the other one of the first and second semiconductor layers is doped with a p-type dopant, and wherein at least a portion of the second semiconductor layer has a roughened surface;

a plurality of conductive components disposed over the roughened surface; and

a passivation layer disposed on sidewalls of the first semiconductor layer, the light-emitting layer, and the second semiconductor layer.

12 . The LED of claim 11 , further comprising an undoped buffer layer disposed over the second semiconductor layer, wherein the undoped buffer layer includes a recess that exposes the roughened surface of the second semiconductor layer.

13 . The LED of claim 11 , further comprising:

an adhesion metal layer disposed over the substrate;

a bonding metal material disposed over the adhesion metal layer; and

a light-reflective layer bonded to the adhesion metal layer through the bonding metal material, wherein the substrate and the conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the light-reflective layer.

14 . The LED of claim 11 , wherein the substrate is one of: a silicon substrate, a ceramic substrate, and a metal substrate.

15 . The LED of claim 11 , wherein:

the first semiconductor layer contains p-type doped gallium nitride;

the second semiconductor layer contains n-type doped gallium nitride; and

the light-emitting layer includes a plurality of alternating layers of gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride.

16 . The LED of claim 11 , wherein the roughened surface has a plurality of triangular shapes.

17 . The LED of claim 11 , wherein:

a first subset of the conductive components are conductive pads; and

a second subset of the conductive components are conductive contacts that interconnect the conductive pads together.

18 . A light-emitting diode (LED), comprising:

a substrate, the substrate being one of: a silicon substrate, a ceramic substrate, and a metal substrate;

an adhesion metal layer disposed over the substrate;

a light-reflective layer bonded to the adhesion metal layer through a bonding metal material;

a contact metal layer disposed over the light-reflective layer;

a first doped gallium nitride layer disposed over the contact metal layer;

a multiple quantum well disposed over the first doped gallium nitride layer;

a second doped gallium nitride layer disposed over the multiple quantum well, wherein the first and second doped gallium nitride layers have different types of conductivity;

an undoped buffer layer disposed over the second doped gallium nitride layer, wherein the undoped buffer layer includes an opening that exposes a portion of the second doped gallium nitride layer, and wherein the exposed portion of the second doped gallium nitride layer has a roughened surface; and

a plurality of metal pads and a plurality of metal contacts disposed over the roughened surface, wherein the metal pads are electrically coupled together through the metal contacts;

19 . The LED of claim 18 , further comprising a passivation layer disposed on sidewalls of the light-reflective layer, the contact metal layer, the first doped gallium nitride layer, the multiple quantum well, the second doped gallium nitride layer, and the undoped buffer layer.

20 . The LED of claim 18 , wherein the roughened surface includes a plurality of miniature triangular features.