System and method for diffusion combustion in a stoichiometric exhaust gas recirculation gas turbine system

1. A system, comprising:

a turbine combustor comprising a first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle is configured to produce a diffusion flame;

a turbine driven by combustion products from the diffusion flame in the turbine combustor;

an exhaust gas compressor, wherein the exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and route an exhaust gas from the turbine to the turbine combustor along an exhaust recirculation path; and

a catalyst heat and recovery system disposed along the exhaust recirculation path, wherein the catalyst heat and recovery system is configured to receive exhaust gas extracted from a plurality of exhaust gas extraction points, wherein the plurality of exhaust gas extraction points comprises the exhaust gas compressor, the turbine combustor, the turbine, or any combination thereof, wherein the catalyst heat and recovery system comprises:

a first catalyst unit disposed inside of the catalyst heat and recovery system, wherein the first catalyst unit is configured to adjust a composition of the exhaust gas; and

a first heat recovery unit disposed inside of the catalyst heat and recovery system and upstream of the first catalyst unit.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst unit is configured to control concentration levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas, and comprises an oxidation catalyst, a carbon monoxide catalyst, an aluminum oxide, a zirconium oxide, a silicone oxide, a titanium oxide, a platinum oxide, a palladium oxide, a cobalt oxide, or a mixed metal oxide, or a combination thereof.

3. The system of claim 1 , comprising a second heat recovery unit disposed along the exhaust recirculation path and a second catalyst unit disposed along the exhaust recirculation path, wherein the first heat recovery unit comprises a first heat recovery steam generator and the second heat recovery unit comprises a second heat recovery steam generator.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle comprises a first fuel passage, a first oxidant passage, and a first diluent passage, wherein the first fuel passage and the first oxidant passage are isolated from one another along the first diffusion fuel nozzle.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the first fuel passage and the first oxidant passage are disposed in a concentric arrangement in which the first oxidant passage extends around the first fuel passage or the first fuel passage extends around the first oxidant passage, and wherein the first diluent passage is configured to flow a portion of the exhaust gas, steam, nitrogen, another inert gas, or a combination thereof, through the first diffusion fuel nozzle.

6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle comprises a second fuel passage or a second oxidant passage, wherein the first and second fuel passages and the first oxidant passage are isolated from one another along the first diffusion fuel nozzle, and wherein the first and second oxidant passages and the first fuel passage are isolated from one another along the first diffusion fuel nozzle.

7. The system of claim 1 , comprising a diluent injection system configured to inject a portion of the exhaust gas, steam, nitrogen, or another inert gas, or a combination thereof, into a chamber of the turbine combustor downstream from the first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein:

the diluent injection system comprises a plurality of openings in a liner of the turbine combustor, and the plurality of openings is configured to inject the portion of the exhaust gas into the chamber of the turbine combustor;

the turbine combustor comprises a first wall disposed about the chamber, a second wall disposed about the first wall, and an exhaust passage disposed between the first and second walls, wherein the diluent injection system comprises a plurality of diluent injectors extending through the first and second walls of the turbine combustor; and

the plurality of diluent injectors is configured inject the portion of the exhaust gas, steam, nitrogen, or another inert gas into the chamber of the turbine combustor.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle is configured to produce the diffusion flame at an equivalence ratio of 1.0.

9. A system, comprising:

a turbine combustor comprising a first diffusion fuel nozzle, wherein the first diffusion fuel nozzle is configured to produce a diffusion flame at an equivalence ratio between 0.95 and 1.0;

a turbine driven by combustion products from the diffusion flame in the turbine combustor;

an exhaust gas compressor, wherein the exhaust gas compressor is configured to compress and route an exhaust gas from the turbine to the turbine combustor along an exhaust recirculation path; and

a catalyst heat and recovery system disposed along the exhaust recirculation path, wherein the catalyst heat and recovery system is configured to receive exhaust gas extracted from a plurality of exhaust gas extraction points, wherein the plurality of exhaust gas extraction points comprises the exhaust gas compressor, the turbine combustor, the turbine, or any combination thereof, and wherein the catalyst heat and recovery system comprises:

a first catalyst unit disposed inside of the catalyst heat and recovery system, wherein the first catalyst unit is configured to adjust a composition of the exhaust gas; and

a first heat recovery unit disposed inside of the catalyst heat and recovery system and upstream of the first catalyst unit.