Method for identifying antibiotic targets by complemented sequencing
Provided herein are methods, and related compositions for identifying a putative essential gene which serves as an antibiotic target in a bacterium, the method, in some embodiments, comprising (a) generating an antibiotic resistant mutant of the bacterium by a method comprising the step of selecting for growth in the presence of an antibiotic to produce an antibiotic resistant mutant clone (Ab R mutant); (b) transforming the Ab R mutant with one or more essential genes of the bacterium and a transposon which insertionally inactivates bacterial DNA to produce a pool of transposon mutants which are merodiploid for the one or more essential genes; (c) growing bacteria from the merodiploid pool in the presence of different amounts of the antibiotic to produce two or more test cultures; and (d) comparing the distribution of transposon insertions between the test cultures to identify a putative essential gene serving as a target of the antibiotic in the bacterium.
1. A method for identifying a putative essential gene which serves as an antibiotic target in a bacterium, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) generating an antibiotic resistant mutant of said bacterium by a method comprising the step of selecting for growth in the presence of said antibiotic to produce an antibiotic resistant mutant clone (Ab R mutant);
(b) transforming the Ab R mutant with: (i) one or more wild-type copies of essential genes of said bacterium; and (ii) a transposon which insertionally inactivates bacterial DNA, to produce a pool of transposon mutants which are merodiploid for said one or more essential genes;
(c) growing bacteria from the merodiploid pool in the presence of different amounts of said antibiotic to produce two or more test cultures, wherein transposon insertions into an essential gene serving as an antibiotic target in the bacterial DNA are represented under non-selective conditions but not under selective conditions, and wherein one amount of said antibiotic is non-selective and another amount of said antibiotic is selective; and
(d) comparing the distribution of transposon insertions between test cultures to identify a putative essential gene serving as a target of said antibiotic in said bacterium.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises at least 0.5×10 5 mutants.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises at least 5×10 5 mutants.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises at least 1×10 6 mutants.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises 0.5×10 6 to 2 ×10 6 mutants.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises about 1×10 6 mutants.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation with the transposon in step (b) yields an insertion density of at least one transposon per 50 base pairs of bacterial DNA.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation with the transposon in step (b) yields an insertion density of at least one transposon per 30 base pairs of bacterial DNA.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation with the transposon in step (b) yields an insertion density of at least one transposon per 25 base pairs of bacterial DNA.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation with the transposon in step (b) yields an insertion density of at least one transposon per 15 base pairs of bacterial DNA.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein transformation with the transposon in step (b) yields an insertion density of at least one transposon per 10 base pairs of bacterial DNA.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterial DNA of step (b) is genomic DNA.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacterial DNA of step (b) is plasmid DNA or a mixture of genomic and plasmid DNA.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (b) the Ab R mutant is first transformed with the one or more essential genes of said bacterium and then with the transposon.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein in step (b) the Ab R mutant is first transformed with an extrachromosomal element comprising: (i) one or more essential genes of said bacterium; and (ii) one or more transposon repeat sequences; and then transformed with a transposon delivery plasmid comprising: (i) a gene encoding a transposase; and (ii) invert repeat transposase recognition sites; wherein the one or more transposon repeat sequences of the extrachromosomal element confer transposon immunity against the transposon delivered by the transposon delivery plasmid.
16. The method of claim 2 wherein the merodiploid pool comprises at least 1×10 5 mutants.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the extrachromosomal element is a BAC or plasmid.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the Ab R mutant is transformed in step (ii) by conjugation with a donor bacterium.