Graphite-containing substrates for LED packages
Substrates and packages for LED based light devices can incorporate a material with high thermal conductivity in at least the lateral direction (e.g., graphite or graphene) to spread heat across the surface of the substrate. A substrate or layer in a multi-layer substrate can have a graphite core disposed between ceramic sublayers that provide electrical insulation and thermal conductivity in the transverse direction. Another substrate or layer in a multi-layer substrate can be fabricated using a composite of graphite and ceramic materials.
1. A substrate for a lighting apparatus, the substrate comprising:
a body layer having:
a graphite core consisting of one or more graphite sheets, the graphite core having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces;
an upper ceramic sublayer disposed on the top surface of the graphite core; and
a lower ceramic sublayer disposed on the bottom surface of the graphite core;
a first patterned metal layer disposed on a top surface of the upper ceramic sublayer, wherein the first patterned metal layer includes a plurality of electrical contact pads for bonding to a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) dies; and
a second patterned metal layer disposed on a bottom surface of the lower ceramic sublayer, portions of the second patterned metal layer being electrically connected to portions of the first patterned metal layer.
2. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the upper and lower ceramic sublayers are made primarily of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
3. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the upper and lower ceramic sublayers are made primarily of aluminum nitride (AlN).
4. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the one or more graphite sheets have a thickness between about 20 μm and about 45 μm.
5. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the one or more graphite sheets are formed from one or more graphite films.
6. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the upper ceramic sublayer and the lower ceramic sublayer each have a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.10 mm.
7. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the upper ceramic sublayer and the lower ceramic sublayer each have the same thickness.
8. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the graphite core has a thickness between about 0.10 mm and about 0.20 mm.
9. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the first patterned metal layer includes a plurality of die pads connectable to bottom surfaces of the LED dies.
10. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the first patterned metal layer and the second patterned metal layer are patterned to provide an in-series electrical connection for two or more of the LED dies.
11. The substrate of claim 1 wherein the first patterned metal layer and the second patterned metal layer each are formed from a plurality of metal sublayers of different metals.
12. The substrate of claim 11 wherein the plurality of metal sublayers includes a tungsten sublayer, a nickel sublayer, and a copper sublayer.
13. A substrate for a lighting apparatus, the substrate comprising:
a plurality of layers including at least a top layer and a bottom layer, wherein each layer has a body having:
a graphite core consisting of one or more graphite sheets, the graphite core having substantially planar top and bottom surfaces;
an upper ceramic sublayer disposed on the top surface of the graphite core; and
a lower ceramic sublayer disposed on the bottom surface of the graphite core;
a first patterned metal layer disposed on a top surface of the upper ceramic sublayer of the top layer, wherein the first patterned metal layer includes a plurality of electrical contact pads for bonding to a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) dies;
a second patterned metal layer disposed on a bottom surface of the lower ceramic sublayer of the bottom layer, portions of the second patterned metal layer being electrically connected to portions of the first patterned metal layer; and
an intermediate patterned metal layer disposed between the lower ceramic sublayer of the top layer and an upper ceramic sublayer of a next one of the plurality of layers.
14. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the upper and lower ceramic sublayers of each layer are made primarily of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
15. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the upper and lower ceramic sublayers of each layer are made primarily of aluminum nitride (AlN).
16. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the one or more sheets of graphite sheets have a thickness between about 20 μm and about 45 μm.
17. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the one or more graphite sheets are formed from one or more graphite films.
18. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the upper ceramic sublayer and the lower ceramic sublayer of at least one of the plurality of layers each have a thickness between about 0.05 mm and about 0.10 mm.
19. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the upper ceramic sublayer and the lower ceramic sublayer of at least one of the plurality of layers have the same thickness.
20. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the graphite core of at least one of the plurality of layers has a thickness between about 0.10 mm and about 0.20 mm.
21. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the first patterned metal layer includes a plurality of die pads connectable to bottom surfaces of the LED dies.
22. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the first patterned metal layer and the second patterned metal layer are patterned to provide an in-series electrical connection for two or more of the LED dies.
23. The substrate of claim 13 wherein the first patterned metal layer and the second patterned metal layer each are formed from a plurality of metal sublayers of different metals.
24. The substrate of claim 23 wherein the plurality of metal sublayers includes a tungsten sublayer, a nickel sublayer, and a copper sublayer.