Transdermal hormone delivery system: compositions and methods
A transdermal hormone delivery system (THDS) is disclosed. The THDS is useful for control of fertility and as therapy for a variety of diseases and conditions treatable by robust delivery of progestin and estrogen hormones, particularly the progestin, levonorgestrel. The THDS comprises a backing layer, an adjoining adhesive polymer matrix comprising an effective amount of at least a progestin hormone, delivery of which is enhanced by one or more skin permeation enhancing agents present in pre-determined amounts. The THDS is capable of providing effective daily doses of progestin and estrogen hormones from a small surface area in contact with the skin, e.g., less than 20 square centimeters. Methods of fertility control and various types of hormone replacement therapy utilizing the THDS are also disclosed.
1. A method of controlling fertility in a female, comprising applying to the skin of the female a transdermal hormone delivery device comprising a backing layer and an adhesive polymer matrix affixed to the backing layer, the adhesive polymer matrix comprising:
(a) an adhesive polymer;
(b) a humectant;
(c) a combination of skin permeation enhancing agents consisting essentially of, on a final percentage by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix after fabrication of the system, from about 4% to about 12% dimethyl sulfoxide; from about 4.2% to about 12.6% a fatty (C 8 -C 20 ) alcohol ester of lactic acid; from about 0.7% to about 2.3% lower (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl ester of lactic acid; and from about 3% to about 9% capric acid;
(d) a progestin; and
(e) an estrogen;
wherein the device is applied to the skin in a regimen comprising application of one device once each week for three consecutive weeks, followed by one week in which the device is not applied, or a placebo device is applied, thereby controlling fertility in the female.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the progestin is levonorgestrel.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the estrogen is ethinyl estradiol or 17 β-estradiol.
4. A method of controlling fertility in a female and delaying or avoiding menses for a selected time, comprising applying to the skin of the female a transdermal hormone delivery device comprising a backing layer and an adhesive polymer matrix affixed to the backing layer, the adhesive polymer matrix comprising:
(a) an adhesive polymer;
(b) a humectant;
(c) a combination of skin permeation enhancing agents consisting essentially of, on a final percentage by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix after fabrication of the system, from about 4% to about 12% dimethyl sulfoxide; from about 4.2% to about 12.6% a fatty (C 8 -C 20 ) alcohol ester of lactic acid; from about 0.7% to about 2.3% lower (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl ester of lactic acid; and from about 3% to about 9% capric acid;
(d) a progestin; and
(e) an estrogen;
wherein the device is applied to the skin in a regimen comprising application of one device once each week for a selected number of consecutive weeks without including a week in which the device is not applied or a placebo device is applied, thereby controlling fertility in the female while delaying or avoiding menses for the selected time.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the progestin is levonorgestrel.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the estrogen is ethinyl estradiol or 17 β-estradiol.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the selected time is between three and six months.