Inducing neurogenesis within a human brain
Methods and apparatus for inducing neurogenesis within a human. The invention utilizes an implantable signal generator to deliver high frequency stimulation to deep brain tissue elements. The implanted device delivers treatment therapy to the brain to thereby induce neurogenesis by the human. A sensor may be used to detect various symptoms of nervous system discovery. A microprocessor algorithm may then analyze the output from the sensor to regulate the stimulation and/or drug therapy delivered to the brain.
1. A method for inducing neurogenesis within a human by means of an implantable signal generator and a lead having a proximal end and a distal portion having at least one electrode, the method comprising:
(A) selecting a human patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment (MCI);
(B) implanting the at least one electrode so that a stimulation portion lies in communication with an anterior thalamic nuclei complex of the Papez circuit of a brain of the patient;
(C) coupling the proximal end of the lead to the signal generator;
(D) operating the signal generator to deliver high frequency stimulation to the anterior thalamic nuclei complex of the Papez circuit to thereby induce neurogenesis within the brain;
(E) sensing a neurochemical in the brain and generating a sensor signal; and
(F) regulating the operation of the signal generator in response to the sensor signal.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) causes a production of at least one of new neurons or replacement neurons.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the production of at least one of new neurons or replacement neurons occurs in a second portion of the Papez circuit, including at least a hippocampus.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the second portion of the Papez circuit comprises a dentate gyros which includes the hippocampus.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein D) comprises selecting amplitude, width and frequency of stimulation by the at least one electrode.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator to pulse at a pulse amplitude between 0.1 Volts to 10.0 Volts.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator to pulse at a pulse width between 30 microseconds and 450 microseconds.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator in a monopolar configuration.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator in a bipolar configuration.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating, the signal generator in a multipolar configuration.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator in a continuous mode.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (D) comprises operating the signal generator in a cyclical mode.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (F) further comprises selecting between an open loop and a closed loop mode of operation.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (F) comprises adjusting at least one parameter of the stimulation, the parameter being selected from the group consisting: amplitude; pulse width; frequency; and combinations thereof.
15. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: step (G) implanting at least one secondary electrode in communication with a deep brain tissue element in another predetermined portion of a brain; (H) coupling the secondary electrode to the signal generator; and G) operating the signal generator to stimulate the deep brain tissue element.
16. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising step (G) implanting at least one catheter so that a discharge portion lies in communication with a deep brain tissue element; (H) coupling the catheter to a pump; and (I) operating the pump to deliver drug, to the deep brain tissue element.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sensed neurochemical is indicative of neuronal loss.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the sensed neuro chemical is selected from the group consisting of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals indicative of local pH, local ion concentration, lactate levels, local cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization, or oxygen extraction.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the sensed neurochemical comprises a neurotransmitters selected from the group consisting of glutamate, GABA, and aspartate.