Functionalized matrices for dispersion of nanostructures
Matrixes doped with semiconductor nanocrystals are provided. In certain embodiments, the semiconductor nanocrystals have a size and composition such that they absorb or emit light at particular wavelengths. The nanocrystals can comprise ligands that allow for mixing with various matrix materials, including polymers, such that a minimal portion of light is scattered by the matrixes. The matrixes are optionally formed from the ligands. The matrixes of the present invention can be used as refractive index matching components, filters and antireflective coatings on optical devices and as down-converting layers. Processes for producing matrixes comprising semiconductor nanocrystals are also provided. Nanostructures having high quantum efficiency, small size, and/or a narrow size distribution are also described, as are methods of producing indium phosphide nanostructures and core-shell nanostructures with Group II-VI shells.
1. A method of making a composite material, the method comprising:
providing a population of nanostructures, wherein the nanostructures have a polymeric ligand bound to a surface of the nanostructures, which ligand comprises a silicone backbone and one or more alcohol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone;
providing an excess of the polymeric ligand, which excess polymeric ligand is not bound to the surface of the nanostructures; and
incorporating the excess polymeric ligand and the polymeric ligand bound to the nanostructures into a silicone matrix;
wherein the silicone matrix consists essentially of the polymeric ligand.
2. The method of 1 , wherein the polymeric ligand comprises one or more dicarbinol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone.
3. A composite material produced by the method of claim 1 .
4. A device comprising the composite material of claim 3 .
5. A method of making a composite material, the method comprising:
providing a population of nanostructures, wherein the nanostructures have a polymeric ligand bound to a surface of the nanostructures, which ligand comprises a silicone backbone and one or more alcohol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone;
providing an excess of the polymeric ligand, which excess polymeric ligand is not bound to the surface of the nanostructures; and
incorporating the excess polymeric ligand and the polymeric meric ligand bound to the nanostructures into a silicone matrix;
wherein incorporating the polymeric ligand into the silicone matrix comprises providing a crosslinker and reacting the crosslinker with hydroxyl moieties on the ligand.
6. The method of 5 , wherein the polymeric ligand comprises one or more dicarbinol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone.
7. A composite material produced by the method of claim 5 .
8. A device comprising the composite material of claim 7 .
9. A method of making a composite material, the method comprising:
providing a population of nanostructures, wherein the nanostructures have a polymeric ligand bound to a surface of the nanostructures, which ligand comprises a silicone backbone and one or more alcohol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone;
providing an excess of the polymeric ligand, which excess polymeric ligand is not bound to the surface of the nanostructures; and
incorporating the excess polymeric ligand and the polymeric ligand bound to the nanostructures into a silicone matrix;
wherein the polymeric ligand comprises at least two different types of monomer units, at least one of which comprises the alcohol moiety and at least one of which lacks the alcohol moiety but comprises a polymerizable group or an epoxide group; wherein incorporating the polymeric ligand into the silicone matrix comprises reacting the polymerizable or epoxide groups on different molecules of the polymeric ligand with each other.
10. The method of 9 , wherein the polymeric ligand comprises one or more dicarbinol moieties coupled to the silicone backbone.
11. A composite material produced by the method of claim 9 .
12. A device comprising the composite material of claim 11 .