Graphenic carbon particle dispersions and methods of making same
Dispersions of graphenic carbon particles are produced using a polymeric dispersant. The polymeric dispersant includes an anchor block comprising glycidyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl(meth)acrylate, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl(meth)acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether and mixtures thereof, reacted with a carboxylic acid comprising 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, para-nitrobenzoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, decanoic acid and/or undecanoic acid. The polymeric dispersant also includes at least one tail block comprising at least one (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester.
1. A dispersion comprising:
a solvent;
graphenic carbon particles comprising one or more layers of one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms dispersed in the solvent, wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise thermally produced graphenic carbon particles and exfoliated graphite particles having different particle size distributions, and at least a portion of the graphenic carbon particles are planar and have an average aspect ratio greater than 3:1; and a polymeric dispersant comprising
a tri-block copolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerization and represented by the following formula,
Φ-(G) p -(W) q -(Y) s -T
wherein Φ is a hydrophobic residue of or derived from a monomeric initiator, and is free of a radically transferable group,
G is a hydrophobic residue of an oxirane functional monomer reacted with a carboxylic acid,
W is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(W) q - defines a W-block,
Y is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(Y) s - defines a Y-block, wherein said W-block is different from said Y-block,
T is or is derived from the radically transferable group of said monomeric initiator, and
p, q, and s are each independently at least 1.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent comprising n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethylether, 4-hydroxybutyric acid gamma-lactone, ethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, aromatic solvent 100, methyl ether propylene glycol acetate and/or methyl amyl ketone or a combination thereof.
3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent comprising n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethylether or a combination thereof.
4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises water.
5. The dispersion of claim 4 , wherein the solvent further comprises an organic solvent.
6. The dispersion of claim 5 , wherein the organic solvent comprises propylene glycol monomethylether and/or ethanol.
7. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of graphenic carbon particles to the polymeric dispersant is from 1:10 to 10:1.
8. The dispersion of claim 1 , further comprising at least one film-forming resin.
9. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the at least one film forming resin comprises epoxy resins, acrylic polymers, polyester polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyamide polymers, polyether polymers, bisphenol A based epoxy polymers, polysiloxane polymers, styrenes, ethylenes, butylenes, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof.
10. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein a cured coating deposited from the dispersion has an electrical conductivity of at least 1 S/m.
11. The dispersion of claim 10 , wherein the electrical conductivity is at least 10,000 S/m.
12. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the weight ratio of graphenic carbon particles to film-forming resin is from 0.1:100 to 10:1.
13. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the weight ratio of graphenic carbon particles to film-forming resin is from 1:100 to 7:1.
14. An electrically conductive coating film comprising a dried dispersion, wherein the dispersion comprises:
a solvent;
graphenic carbon particles comprising one or more layers of one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms dispersed in the solvent, wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise thermally produced graphenic carbon particles and exfoliated graphite particles having different particle size distributions, and at least a portion of the graphenic carbon particles are planar and have an average aspect ratio greater than 3:1; and a polymeric dispersant comprising
a tri-block copolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerization and represented by the following formula,
Φ-(G) p -(W) q -(Y) s -T
wherein Φ is a hydrophobic residue of or derived from a monomeric initiator, and is free of a radically transferable group,
G is a hydrophobic residue of an oxirane functional monomer reacted with a carboxylic acid,
W is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(W) q - defines a W-block,
Y is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(Y) s - defines a Y-block, wherein said W-block is different from said Y-block,
T is or is derived from the radically transferable group of said monomeric initiator, and
p, q, and s are each independently at least 1.
15. The electrically conductive coating film of claim 14 , wherein the film comprises a cured resin.
16. A method of dispersing graphenic carbon particles in a solvent comprising mixing the graphenic carbon particles comprising one or more layers of one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms, wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise thermally produced graphenic carbon particles and exfoliated graphite particles having different particle size distributions, and at least a portion of the graphenic carbon particles are planar and have an average aspect ratio greater than 3:1, in the solvent in the presence of a polymeric dispersant comprising
a tri-block copolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerization and represented by the following formula,
Φ-(G) p -(W) q -(Y) s -T
wherein Φ is a hydrophobic residue of or derived from a monomeric initiator, and is free of a radically transferable group,
G is a hydrophobic residue of an oxirane functional monomer reacted with a carboxylic acid,
W is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(W) q - defines a W-block,
Y is a residue of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, and -(Y) s - defines a Y-block, wherein said W-block is different from said Y-block,
T is or is derived from the radically transferable group of said monomeric initiator, and
p, q, and s are each independently at least 1.
17. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the thermally produced graphenic carbon particles comprise from 1 to 50 weight percent and the exfoliated graphite particles comprise from 50 to 99 weight percent based on the total combined weight of the thermally produced graphenic carbon particles and the exfoliated graphite particles.