High conducting oxide—sulfide composite lithium superionic conductor
A solid electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery includes particles of a lithium ion conducting oxide composition embedded within a lithium ion conducting sulfide composition. The lithium ion conducting oxide composition can be Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO). The lithium ion conducting sulfide composition can be β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS). A lithium ion battery and a method of making a solid electrolyte for a lithium ion battery are also disclosed.
1. A solid electrolyte layer for positioning between the anode and cathode of a lithium sulfur battery, comprising particles of a lithium ion conducting oxide composition embedded within a lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
2. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO).
3. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS).
4. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium conducting oxide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) perovskite-type oxides; (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes; and (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides.
5. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 4 , wherein the (i) perovskite-type oxides comprise (Li,La)TiO 3 ; the (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes comprise LiM IV2 (PO 4 ) 3 (MIV=Ti, Zr, Ge); and the (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides comprise Li 5 La 3 M 2 O 12 (M=transition metal).
6. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conduction sulfide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 4 SiO 4 glass, Li 2 S—SiS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Ga 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Sb 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—GeS 2 —P 2 S 5 glass, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 , and Li 2 S—SnS 2 —As 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic.
7. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS).
8. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide particles form a core and are coated by a shell of the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
9. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
10. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the particles of lithium ion conducting oxide composition are between 0.001 and 50 microns in largest diameter.
11. The solid electrolyte layer of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer is greater than the expected lithium ion conductivity of the lithium ion conducting oxide composition and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
12. A lithium sulfur battery, comprising:
an anode comprising lithium;
a cathode comprising sulfur:
a solid electrolyte layer between the anode and the cathode, the solid electrolyte layer comprising particles of a lithium ion conducting oxide composition embedded within a lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
13. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO).
14. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS).
15. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium conducting oxide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) perovskite-type oxides; (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes; and (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides.
16. The lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the (i) perovskite-type oxides comprise (Li,La)TiO 3 ; the (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes comprise LiM IV2 (PO 4 ) 3 (MIV=Ti, Zr, Ge); and the (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides comprise Li 5 La 3 M 2 O 12 (M=transition metal).
17. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conduction sulfide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 4 SiO 4 glass, Li 2 S—SiS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Ga 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Sb 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—GeS 2 —P 2 S 5 glass, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 , and Li 2 S—SnS 2 —As 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic.
18. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS).
19. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide particles form a core and are coated by a shell of the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
20. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
21. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the particles of lithium ion conducting oxide composition are between 0.001 and 50 microns.
22. The lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the cathode comprises sulfur, sulfur compounds, transition metal oxides, and transition metal phosphates.
23. The lithium sulfur battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer is greater than the expected lithium ion conductivity of the lithium ion conducting oxide composition and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
24. A method of making a lithium battery, comprising the steps of:
providing a lithium ion conducting oxide composition;
providing a lithium ion conducting sulfide composition;
embedding the lithium ion conducting oxide particles within the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition; and,
forming a solid electrolyte comprising the lithium ion conducting oxide particles and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising the steps of interposing the solid electrolyte between an anode comprising lithium and a cathode comprising sulfur.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises β-Li 3 PS 4 (LPS).
27. The method of claim 24 , wherein the lithium conducting oxide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) perovskite-type oxides; (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes; and (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the (i) perovskite-type oxides comprise (Li,La)TiO 3 ; the (ii) NASICON-structured lithium electrolytes comprise LiM IV2 (PO 4 ) 3 (MIV=Ti, Zr, Ge); and the (iii) garnet-type structures containing transition metal oxides comprise Li 5 La 3 M 2 O 12 (M=transition metal).
29. The method of claim 24 , wherein the lithium ion conduction sulfide composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 4 SiO 4 glass, Li 2 S—SiS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Ga 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—Sb 2 S 3 —GeS 2 glass, Li 2 S—GeS 2 —P 2 S 5 glass, Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 , and Li 2 S—SnS 2 —As 2 S 5 glass or glass-ceramic.
30. The method of claim 24 , wherein the lithium ion conducting oxide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % and the lithium ion conducting sulfide composition comprises between 1-99 weight % based on the total weight of the electrolyte.