Method for 3D motion tracking in an MRI scanner using inductively coupled microcoils

1. A method for tracking the position and orientation of an object in a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system, the method comprising:

disposing three or more wireless markers on the object having predetermined and unvarying relative positions, whereby motion of the object causes rigid body motion of a configuration of the three or more wireless markers;

wherein the wireless markers each include an MR-visible sample coupled to a resonant circuit, and wherein the resonant circuits of the wireless markers are inductively coupled to one or more receive coils of the MR imaging system;

providing one or more navigator tracking pulses in an MR pulse sequence for motion tracking of the wireless markers on the object;

receiving marker signals from the wireless markers via the one or more receive coils, wherein the marker signals are responsive to the one or more navigator tracking pulses;

wherein the marker signals responsive to the one or more navigator tracking pulses include three 1-D projections along three orthogonal directions, wherein the 1-D projections include marker signal peaks from the wireless markers;

determining a correspondence between the received marker signal peaks and the wireless markers such that the wireless marker responsible for each received marker signal peak in the three 1-D projections is determined, wherein determination of the correspondence relies on knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers, whereby position and orientation information of the object is obtained; and

providing the position and orientation information of the object as an output or as an input for further processing;

wherein the wireless markers are separated by distance from each other in each of three orthogonal directions;

wherein the knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers is used to determine the correspondence from order of the marker signal peaks in the three 1-D projections;

further comprising performing prospective motion correction of the navigator tracking pulses to keep a relative orientation of coordinates of the navigator tracking pulses and the tracking device within a predetermined range;

wherein the prospective motion correction of the navigator tracking pulses ensures that orders of the wireless markers in the three 1-D projections do not change, whereby there is no limit to the range of motion that can be tracked.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers is further used to determine the correspondence by matching possible wireless marker locations according to the three 1-D projections to a constellation of points having the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more receive coils are configured as a coil array, and wherein the knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers is further used in combination with a known geometrical layout and sensitivity of the coil array and received strength of the marker signals in the three 1-D projections from individual coil array elements, in order to determine the correspondence.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers is provided a priori.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the knowledge of the predetermined relative positions of the wireless markers is provided by a preliminary scan of the wireless markers.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the navigator tracking pulses comprise gradient echo pulses, spin echo pulses, free induction decay pulses, zero echo time pulses, or pulses having an echo time of 1 ms or less.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising suppressing the marker signals during parts of the MR pulse sequence that relate to MR imaging.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the wireless markers each include two diodes connected in parallel with opposite polarities and connected to the resonant circuit such that voltage in the wireless markers is limited.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the MR-visible samples of the wireless markers have a T2 relaxation time of less than 10 ms.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the MR-visible samples of the wireless markers have a proton density less than a proton density of tissue being imaged.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the MR-visible sample has a different resonant frequency than a resonant frequency of tissue being imaged.

12. The method of claim 7 , wherein suppressing the marker signals comprises reducing a quality factor of the resonant circuits of the wireless markers during the parts of the MR pulse sequence that relate to MR imaging.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the object is a subject being imaged.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the wireless markers are affixed to a tracking device substrate that is selected from the group consisting of: head-mountable devices, headgear, glasses, goggles, headbands, and headphones.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising using the position and orientation information of the object to perform prospective motion correction for MR imaging.

16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising using the position and orientation information of the object to perform retrospective motion correction for MR imaging.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the object is an interventional device.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the interventional device is selected from the group consisting of: a needle, a catheter and a surgical instrument.

19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising using the position and orientation information of the object to perform MR guided intervention.