Methods for administering peptides for the generation of effective c/s conformation-specific antibodies to a human subject in need thereof

1. A method of vaccinating a human subject at risk of developing a tauopathy or a tau-related disease, said method comprising administering a proline-analog-containing antigenic peptide to said human subject in an amount sufficient to treat said human subject by generating an effective amount of a conformation-specific antibody that specifically binds to a Xaa-Pro motif of a naturally occurring polypeptide to reduce the risk of developing said tauopathy or tau-related disease in said human subject,

wherein said antigenic peptide comprises a Xaa-Pro motif comprising said proline analog,

wherein said proline analog is selected from the group consisting of homoproline, azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze), tert-butyl-L-proline (TBP), 2,2-dimethyl-thiazolidine (Thz), and cis-4-fluoro-L-proline (c-4F-Pro), and

wherein the polypeptide is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPlase) substrate, the Xaa of said antigenic peptide is serine or threonine that is phosphorylated, the peptidyl-prolyl bond of said Xaa-Pro motif of said antigenic peptide is in a cis conformation, and said conformation-specific antibody binds to the cis conformation of said Xaa-Pro motif of said polypeptide with at least 10- to 100-fold greater affinity than to the trans conformation of said Xaa-Pro motif of said polypeptide.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said PPlase substrate is a Pin1 substrate.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said Pin1 substrate is NIMA, RAB4, CDC25, WEE1, PLK1, MYT1, CDC27, CENP-F, Incenp, RBP1, NHERF-1, KRMP1, CK2, Topollα, DAB2, p54nrb, Sil, EMI1, cyclin D1, Ki67, c-Myc, cyclin E, c-Jun, 62-catenin, Cf-2, NF-κB, RAF1, C-Fos, RARα, AIB1/SRC-3, HBx, STAT3, p53, Bcl-2, p73, BimEL, p66 Shc , CHE1, tau, amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP fragment, synphilin-1, gephyrin, MCL1, NFAT, AUF1, IRF3, BTK, SIN3-RPD3, or hSpt5.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polypeptide is tau or APP.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tauopathy or tau-related disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, Pick's disease, and a corticobasal degeneration.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antigenic peptide is at least 8 amino acid residues in length.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said antigenic peptide is between 8 and 20 amino acid residues in length.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antigenic peptide comprises the sequence KKVAVVR-(pT231)-(Thz)-PKSPS (SEQ ID NO: 2).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antigenic peptide is administered subcutaneously.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said administration further comprises administering a booster dose.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antigenic peptide is formulated with an immunostimulating adjuvant.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tauopathy or tau-related disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia pugilistica, Down's syndrome, frontotemporal dementias, myotonic dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, Pick's disease, prion disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, subacute sclerosing panencephalistis, convulsive disorders, vascular dementia, age-related dementia, head trauma, stroke, neurofibromatosis, Lewy body disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, and macular degeneration.