Oxygen carrying materials
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an oxygen carrying material may include a primary active mass, a primary support material, and a secondary support material. The oxygen carrying material may include about 20% to about 70% by weight of the primary active mass, the primary active mass including a composition having a metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sn, Ru, Rh, and combinations thereof. The oxygen carrying material may include about 5% to about 70% by weight of a primary support material. The oxygen carrying material may include about 1% to about 35% by mass of a secondary support material.
1. An oxygen carrying material comprising:
about 20% to about 70% by weight of a primary active mass, the primary active mass comprising a composition having a metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sn, Ru, Rh, and combinations thereof;
about 5% to about 70% by weight of a primary support material, the primary support material comprising a composition having:
(i) at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide, wherein the at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide comprises metal elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Th, and combinations thereof;
(ii) at least one ceramic or clay material, or salts thereof;
(iii) at least one naturally occurring ore; or
(iv) combinations thereof; and
about 1% to about 35% by mass of a secondary support material, the secondary support material comprises a composition having at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide of Mg,
wherein the primary support material composition and the secondary support material composition are different.
2. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material contains between about 30% and about 65% by mass of the primary active mass, the oxygen carrying material contains between about 30% and about 60% by mass of the primary support material, and the oxygen carrying material contains between about 5% and about 25% by mass of the secondary support material.
3. The oxygen carrying materials of claim 1 , wherein the primary active mass comprises an oxide of Fe.
4. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the primary support material comprises an oxide of Ti.
5. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material further comprises a binder material.
6. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material further comprises ash.
7. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material further comprises a promoter.
8. The oxygen carrying material of claim 7 , wherein the promoter comprises mixed metals, metal oxides, metal nitrites, metal halides, metal carbides, or combinations thereof.
9. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material is formed into particles and substantially all of the particles have a diameter between about 0.5 mm and about 7 mm.
10. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the primary active mass comprises at least two different metal oxides selected from the group comprising metal oxides of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sn, Ru, and Rh.
11. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material does not lose more than about 5% of its carrying capacity when exposed to about 100 redox cycles.
12. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrying material becomes mechanically stronger when exposed about 10 redox cycles.
13. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the primary active mass comprises an oxide of Fe, the primary support material comprises an oxide of Ti, the oxygen carrying material contains between about 30% and about 65% by mass of the primary active mass, the oxygen carrying material contains between about 30% and about 60% by mass of the primary support material, and the oxygen carrying material contains between about 5% and about 25% by mass of the secondary support material.
14. A system for converting fuel comprising:
an oxygen carrying material comprising:
about 20% to about 70% by weight of a primary active mass, the primary active mass comprising a composition having a metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sn, Ru, Rh, and combinations thereof;
about 5% to about 70% by weight of a primary support material, the primary support material comprising a composition having:
(i) at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide, wherein the at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide comprises metal elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Th, and combinations thereof;
(ii) at least one ceramic or clay material, or salts thereof;
(iii) at least one naturally occurring ore; or
(iv) combinations thereof; and
about 1% to about 35% by mass of a secondary support material, the secondary support material comprises a composition having at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide of Mg, and wherein the primary support material composition and the secondary support material composition are different;
a first reactor comprising a moving bed and an inlet for providing fuel to the first reactor, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the oxygen carrying material with the fuel to produce a reduced oxygen carrying material; and
a second reactor communicating with the first reactor and an oxygen source, wherein the second reactor is configured to regenerate the oxygen carrying material by oxidizing the oxygen carrying material.
15. The system for converting fuel of claim 14 , wherein the oxygen carrying material does not lose more than about 5% of its carrying capacity when exposed to about 100 redox cycles.
16. The system for converting fuel of claim of claim 14 , further comprising a third reactor, wherein the third reactor is situated between the first reactor and the second reactor an in communicating with the first reactor and the second reactor, and is configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced oxygen carrying material from said first reactor to produce an oxygen carrying material intermediate and hydrogen.
17. A method for synthesizing an oxygen carrying material, the method comprising:
forming a matrix comprising a primary active mass, a primary support, and a secondary support;
drying the matrix; and
forming the matrix into particles of the oxygen carrying material, wherein the oxygen carrying material comprises:
about 20% to about 70% by weight of a primary active mass, the primary active mass comprising a composition having a metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sn, Ru, Rh, and combinations thereof;
about 5% to about 70% by weight of a primary support material, the primary support material comprising a composition having:
(i) at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide, wherein the at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide comprises metal elements selected from the group consisting of Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Th, and combinations thereof;
(ii) at least one ceramic or clay material, or salts thereof;
(iii) at least one naturally occurring ore; or
(iv) combinations thereof; and
about 1% to about 35% by mass of a secondary support material, the secondary support material comprises a composition having at least one metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitrate, or metal halide of Mg, and wherein the primary support material composition and the secondary support material composition are different.
18. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the secondary support material comprises an oxide of Mg.
19. The oxygen carrying material of claim 1 , wherein the primary active mass is Fe 2 O 3 , the primary support material is TiO 2 , and the secondary support material is MgO.