Compositions and methods for treating and preventing neointimal stenosis
Methods for treating or preventing neointima stenosis are disclosed. The methods generally involve the use of a TGFβ inhibitor, a SMAD2 inhibitor, an FGF Receptor agonist, a Let-7 agonist, or a combination thereof, to inhibit endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) of vascular endothelial cells into smooth muscle cells (SMC) at sites of endothelial damage. The disclosed methods can therefore be used to prevent or inhibit neointimal stenosis or restenosis, e.g., after angioplasty, vascular graft, or stent. Also disclosed are methods for increasing the patency of biodegradable, synthetic vascular grafts using a composition that inhibits Endo-MT. A cell-free tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) produced by this method is also disclosed.
1. A method for enhancing repair or regeneration of endothelial tissue while not promoting conversion of endothelial cells into smooth muscle cells in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject immediately before, at the time of or after implantation of a vascular scaffold, stent or graft, a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a TGFβ inhibitor, a SMAD2 inhibitor, an FGF Receptor agonist, a Let-7 agonist, or a combination thereof to promote endothelial cell growth but not smooth muscle cell proliferation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the TGFβ inhibitor or SMAD2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 4-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide (SB431542), 2-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-[(4-pyridyl)amino]pteridine (SB208), 6-[2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline (SB525334), 4-(5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxamide (SM16), 4-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide (LY2157299), 3-((5-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl)benzonitrile (EW-7203), and (2-butyl-4-chloro-1-{[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol (Losartan).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Let-7 agonist is a polynucleotide encoding a Let-7 pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, mature miRNA, or RNAi effective in silencing TGFβRI gene expression.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the Let-7 agonist comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:102, 103, 104, 105, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, or 113, or a fragment or variant thereof capable of binding a let-7 target sequence and silence TGFβRI gene expression.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FGF Receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of an FGF protein, an FGFR agonistic antibody and a small molecule.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject after implantation of a vascular scaffold, graft or stent.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is coated on or incorporated into a vascular scaffold, graft or stent prior to implantation.
8. A method for increasing the patency of a polymeric vascular graft, scaffold or stent comprising administering to the graft, scaffold or stent an effective amount of a composition comprising a TGFβ inhibitor, a SMAD2 inhibitor, an FGF Receptor agonist, a Let-7 agonist, or a combination thereof to promote endothelial cell growth but not smooth muscle cell proliferation.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the TGFβ inhibitor or SMAD2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 4-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzamide (SB431542), 2-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-[(4-pyridyl)amino]pteridine (SB208), 6-[2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline (SB525334), 4-(5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxamide (SM16), 4-(2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazol-3-yl)quinoline-6-carboxamide (LY2157299), 3-((5-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl)benzonitrile (EW-7203), and (2-butyl-4-chloro-1-{[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol (Losartan).
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the Let-7 agonist is a polynucleotide encoding a Let-7 pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, mature miRNA, or RNAi effective in silencing TGFβRI gene expression.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the Let-7 agonist comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:102, 103, 104, 105, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, or 113, or a fragment or variant thereof capable of binding a let-7 target sequence and silence TGFβRI gene expression.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the FGF Receptor agonist is selected from the group consisting of an FGF protein, an FGFR agonistic antibody and a small molecule.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the vascular graft, scaffold or stent comprises biodegradable or bioabsorbable polymers.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the biodegradable or bioabsorbable polymers are selected from the group consisting of poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), polyanhydrides, poly(ortho)esters, polyesters, polyurethanes, poly(butic acid), poly(valeric acid), poly(caprolactone), poly(hydroxyalkanoates), and poly(lactide-co-caprolactone), or combinations, blends or co-polymers thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the biodegradable or bioabsorbable polymers are formed into a fiber-based mesh.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the fiber-based mesh is a non-woven mesh.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the vascular graft, scaffold or stent further comprises a polymeric sealant.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the polymeric sealant comprises a co-polymer of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide.
19. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is coated on or incorporated into the vascular graft, scaffold or stent.