Synthesis of oxycodone hydrochloride
Synthetic methods are provided for preparation of oxycodone and salts thereof with an improved impurity profile. Thebaine is converted to 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate intermediate to minimize a 7,8-dihydro-8,14-dihydroxycodeinone impurity. Efficient methods for conversion of oxycodone base to oxycodone hydrochloride are provided to minimize 14-hydroxycodeinone impurity in the final product.
1. A method for preparing oxycodone comprising
exposing thebaine to hydrogen peroxide or peroxyacid and another organic acid in the presence of a sulfate anion source selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate anomer and sulfuric acid in an aqueous reaction mixture to form 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate;
reducing the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate in the presence of a catalyst to form oxycodone base; and
dissolving the oxycodone base in an aqueous organic acid to form an oxycodone organic acid salt.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising
adding hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride to the oxycodone organic acid salt to form oxycodone hydrochloride.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sulfate anion source is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate, and is added to the aqueous reaction mixture prior to addition of the hydrogen peroxide or peroxyacid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the another organic acid is formic acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium on active carbon (Pd/C), Pd/C/FeCl 3 , Pd/C/Fe(III) hydroxide or oxide, Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/BaSO 4 , Raney Ni-catalyst, Urushibara Ni-catalyst, rhodium on active carbon, Raney nickel, ruthenium black, PtO 2 , Pt/C and platinum black.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
isolating the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate from the aqueous reaction mixture to form isolated 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate hydrate is selected from a hemihydrate, monohydrate, sesquihydrate, or dihydrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate is selected from 14-hydroxycodeinone hemisulfate or 14-hydroxycodeinone monosulfate.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the reducing comprises
reducing the isolated the 14-hydroxycodeinone sulfate or a hydrate thereof in the presence of the catalyst to form the oxycodone base.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
purifying the oxycodone base to form purified oxycodone base.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the dissolving comprises
dissolving the purified oxycodone base in the aqueous organic acid.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the purified oxycodone base has not more than 0.05% of a 8,14-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrocodeinone.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolving comprises complete or partial dissolution of the oxycodone base in the aqueous organic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous organic acid is selected from aqueous tartaric acid, aqueous fumaric acid, aqueous lactic acid, aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, aqueous trichloroacetic acid, aqueous glycolic acid, aqueous monochloroacetic acid, and aqueous acetic acid.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolving step is performed at a temperature within the range from about 0° C. to about 70° C.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the temperature is ambient temperature.
17. The method of claim 2 , further comprising crystallizing the oxycodone hydrochloride to form oxycodone hydrochloride.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the crystallizing is performed by addition of water, water and one or more water miscible organic solvents or one or more water miscible organic solvents to the oxycodone hydrochloride to form the purified oxycodone hydrochloride.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the crystallizing is performed at a temperature range within about 0° C. to about 30° C.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the crystallizing is performed at a temperature range of from about 5° C. to about 15° C.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the one or more water miscible organic solvents is/are selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone and acetone.
22. The method of claim 16 , wherein the purified oxycodone hydrochloride has less than 0.001% 14-hydroxycodeinone.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the purified oxycodone hydrochloride has less than 0.0005% 14-hydroxycodeinone.
24. The method of claim h wherein the thebaine is selected or obtained from synthetic thebaine, concentrated poppy straw, anhydrous or raw thebaine alkaloid.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxycodone organic acid salt is oxycodone acetate.
26. The method of claim 15 , wherein the aqueous organic acid is aqueous acetic acid.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the dissolving is performed at a temperature of less than 50° C.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the dissolving is performed at a temperature of less than 30° C.