Method for high-resolution 3D-localization microscopy

1. A method for high-resolution 3D-localization microscopy of a sample having fluorescence emitters, in which the fluorescence emitters in the sample are excited to emit fluorescent radiation and the sample is displayed with spatial resolution in wide-field microscopy with excitation being caused such that in reference to the spatial resolution at least some fluorescence emitters are isolated, and in a localization analysis a three-dimensional localization is determined, which includes in a depth direction of a display a z-coordinate and a x-coordinate as well as a y-coordinate orthogonal in reference thereto, for each isolated fluorescence emitter showing a precision exceeding the spatial resolution, comprising:

providing a table of localization imprecision, which states an imprecision of the localization at least regarding its z-coordinate as a function of the z-coordinate and a number of photons collected during imaging in the wide-field microscopy, by way of simulation and by performing at least one calibration measurement of at least one calibration body, or by at least performing, without simulation, one calibration measurement of at least one calibration body, or by simulation without performing any calibration measurement and when the calibration measurement is performed the calibration measurement comprises repeatedly recording the at least one calibration body and performing at least one localization for each record, and

determining a localization imprecision for each localized fluorescence emitter by accessing the table of localization imprecision for the localization determined during the localization analysis.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the imprecision is provided by at least performing one calibration measurement fluorescence emitters with a spatial expansion below a resolution limit of the display, and isolated in reference to said resolution limit.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the simulation comprises the following steps:

a) simulating an image for an ideal, dot-formed fluorescence emitter for a predetermined number of photons,

b) modifying said simulated image with a point spread function to form an expanded image, with the point spread function being dependent on a predetermined location of the fluorescence emitter,

c) modifying the expanded image in consideration of statistic noise influences to form a noisy, expanded image, with the statistic noise influences being dependent on the number of photons,

d) subjecting the expanded image to the localization analysis in order to obtain a simulated localization from the noisy, expanded image, and

e) repeating steps b) through d) several times for various values of the statistic noise influences, obtaining a spread of the several simulated localizations or a spread of differences between these several simulated localizations and the predetermined locations, and from obtaining said spread the imprecision of the simulated localizations,

f) repeating steps a) through e) for various given numbers of photons and for various given three-dimensional locations.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said table of localization imprecision states the imprecision also as a function of at least one of the following parameters: fluctuation intensity of a background radiation detected during the imaging in the wide-field microscopy, and polarization of photons collected for the respective isolated fluorescence emitters during the imaging in the wide-field microscopy.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the table of localization imprecision also states the imprecision regarding the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of the localization as a function of the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein based on the table of localization imprecision it is interpolated or extrapolated when the z-coordinate and/or the number of photons for the localized fluorescence emitter is distanced from respective values of the table of localization imprecision.