Detection and quantification of nucleic acid to assess microbial biomass in paper defects and machine felts
The invention is directed towards methods and compositions for identifying the specific microorganisms present in a particular potion of a papermaking processes. The method involves obtaining a sample from the process which is such that little or no live examples of the microorganism remain. However because DNA from the organisms is still present, an analysis which identifies portions of DNA specific to the particular organism will correctly identify the microorganism present. This allows for analysis of infestations present on felts or paper sheets which typically no longer have many live microorganisms on them when samples are taken for analysis.
1. A method of identifying an organism infestation in a papermaking process, the method comprising the steps of:
noting a defect on an item associated with a papermaking process,
conducting at least one DNA analysis on at least one sample taken from the item, the DNA analysis targeted towards nucleotide sequences associated with types of organisms known to inhabit a type of item on which the defect is noted,
if a positive result is indicated, determining if a measured concentration of organisms of the type targeted in the at least one DNA analysis exceeds a first pre-determined threshold,
if the measured concentration exceeds the first pre-determined threshold, conducting at least one additional DNA analysis to determine specific organisms that are present in the sample, wherein the specific organisms are of the type targeted in the at least one DNA analysis, and
if the measured concentration of a specific organism determined to be present exceeds a second pre-determined threshold, determining that the defect is at least in part due to an infestation of that organism.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the item is a felt and the defect is one or more plugs in the felt.
3. The method of claim 1 in which the item is a paper sheet produced by the papermaking process and the defect is one or more holes, discoloration, streaks, spots, translucent spots, and any combination thereof on the paper sheet.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of recording the specific organism determined to be present into a format which can be stored and/or transmitted.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of conducting a biocidal program associated with remedying the specific organism determined to be present.
6. The method of claim 1 in which the DNA Analysis is one selected from the list consisting of qPCR, PCR, digital PCR, ion semiconductor sequencing, pyrosequencing, sequencing by synthesis, sequencing by litigation, chain terminating sequencing, and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the second pre-determined threshold is 10 4 cells per ml of the defect or 10 4 cells per gram of the defect.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the item is so desiccated that there are little or no living organisms on the item that may have caused the defect.
9. The method of claim 1 in which the conditions of the item differ so much from the fluids the item encounters during the papermaking process that the organisms which inhabit the item differ from those in the fluids and determining the inhabitants of the fluids will produce an incorrect identification of the organisms on the item causing the defect.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of applying sufficient kinds of primers to samples of the item such that the presence of any organisms above the first pre-determined threshold can be determined.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of identifying the defect as being non-biologically based if the DNA analysis does not indicate that any organisms exceed the first pre-determined threshold.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of applying a remedy for non-biological chemical contamination to the papermaking process.
13. The method of claim 1 in which the DNA analysis determines the quantity of organisms infesting the sample.
14. The method of claim 1 in which the item has passed through a heat or dryer section of the papermaking process before the defect is noted and therefore the organisms which caused the defect have been killed.