Universal electric duct heater and method of use

1. In a duct heater adapted to fit within a duct carrying a fluid for heating purposes, the duct heater comprising open coil heater elements including backup and auto limits, the improvement comprising:

at least two backup limits and a single auto limit, the backup limits arranged symmetrically with respect to the auto limit with the auto limit positioned between the two back up limits so that functionality of the backup and auto limits is maintained regardless of the orientation of the heater and direction of fluid flow in the duct containing the duct heater.

2. The duct heater of claim 1 , wherein the backup and auto limits are arranged vertically or horizontally on the heater.

3. The duct heater of claim 1 , further comprising a diffuser screen covering an upstream face of the heater, the diffuser screen having openings therein, a total open area formed by the openings being 51-67% of the total area of the diffuser screen.

4. In a duct heater assembly comprising a duct heater adapted to fit within a duct carrying a fluid for heating purposes and a piece of equipment or structure located upstream of the duct heater, the improvement comprising using the duct heater of claim 1 and further comprising a diffuser screen covering an upstream face of the heater, the diffuser screen having openings therein, a total open area formed by the openings being 51-67% of the total area of the diffuser screen.

5. The assembly of claim 4 , wherein the piece of equipment further comprises an inlet having width and height dimensions, the duct having width and height dimensions, a size of the duct based on the following formula:

x is a distance between each edge of the restricted inlet and each face of the width side of the duct measured vertically;

y is a distance between each edge of the restricted inlet and each face of the width side of the duct measured horizontally;

a range of x min to x max is 0.0 to 2.0 inches,

a range of y min to y max is 0.0 to 8.0 inches; and

a height range of the duct is 2x+a vertical height of the inlet, where x ranges between 0.0 and 2.0 and a width range of the duct is 2y+a vertical height of the inlet, where y ranges between 0.0 and 8.0.

6. The assembly of claim 4 , wherein the equipment is a single duct variable air volume damper box with a valve.

7. The assembly of claim 6 , wherein the valve is one or butterfly or rotary valve, iris valve, sliding shutter valve, multi-axis rotary valve.

8. The assembly of claim 4 , wherein the restricted inlet is one having a circular, rectangular, square, oval, or obround shape.

9. A duct heater and duct combination, wherein the duct heater is the duct heater of claim 1 , and wherein the duct is a horizontal duct or a vertical duct and the duct heater is adapted to be inserted on any side of the horizontal or vertical duct for heating purposes.

10. The duct heater of claim 1 , wherein the duct heater is configured so that it can be inserted on any side of a horizontal duct or a vertical duct.

11. The duct heater assembly of claim 4 , wherein the duct heater is configured so that it can be inserted on any side of a horizontal duct or a vertical duct.

12. The duct heater of claim 10 , wherein the duct heater configuration allows the duct heater to be flipped vertically either side to side or end to end for use in a vertical or horizontal duct.

13. The duct heater of claim 11 , wherein the duct heater configuration allows the duct heater to be flipped vertically either side to side or end to end for use in a vertical or horizontal duct.