Organometallic-inorganic hybrid electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Disclosed are embodiments of active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid electrodes and particularly active materials for organometallic and organometallic-inorganic hybrid cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. In certain embodiments the organometallic material comprises a ferrocene polymer.
1. A lithium-ion battery cathode comprising:
a hybrid cathode composition comprising (a) an active material comprising a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (2):
wherein n>0, R 1 is —(CH 2 )— m , m=1-10, and R 2 ═H or a methyl group, wherein the ferrocene polymer is at least 8% by weight of the lithium-ion battery cathode composition;
(b) an inorganic active material; and
(c) a first conductive material.
2. The cathode of claim 1 wherein the ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (1) comprises:
wherein n>0.
3. The cathode of claim 1 wherein the active material comprising a ferrocene polymer is poly(2-ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) (PFMMA).
4. The cathode of claim 1 further comprising a second conductive material.
5. The cathode of claim 4 wherein the first conductive material is different from the second conductive material.
6. The cathode of claim 1 wherein the inorganic active material comprises LiMO 2 , Li x M 2 O 4 wherein 0<x<2, and M is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and/or Cr, MnO 2 , Li y V 2 O 5 wherein 0<y<2, LiN 0.5 Mn 1.5-z Ti z O 4 wherein 0<z<1.5, xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiMO 2 wherein 0<x<1 and M is Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al, and/or Cr, MoS 2 , Li 2 S, SeS x , MF 3 wherein M is Ti, V, Fe, Mn, and/or Co, LiAMF 6 wherein A is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, Zn, and/or Cd and wherein M is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and/or Ni, LiMPO 4 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, LiMBO 3 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, Li 2 MSiO 4 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, or mixtures thereof.
7. The cathode of claim 1 wherein the inorganic active material comprises LiFePO 4 .
8. The cathode of claim 1 wherein m=1-5.
9. A lithium-ion battery cathode comprising a hybrid cathode composition comprising an active material comprising poly(2-ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) (PFMMA) with a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 1,000,000.
10. The cathode of claim 9 further comprising a second conductive material.
11. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a cathode comprised of a cathode active material comprising
(a) a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (1):
wherein n>0, and wherein the ferrocene polymer is at east 8% by weight of the cathode composition;
(b) an inorganic active material; and
(c) a conductive agent; and
an anode.
12. A cathode consisting essentially of:
a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (1)
wherein n>0;
an inorganic active material;
a conductive agent:
a binder; and
wherein the ferrocene polymer is at least 8% by weight of the cathode.
13. A cathode comprising:
an active material comprising a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (1):
wherein n>0, and wherein the ferrocene polymer is at least 8% by weight of the cathode composition;
an inorganic active material;
a first conductive material;
a second conductive material; and
a binder.
14. The cathode of claim 13 wherein the weight ratio of the ferrocene polymer to the first conductive material is from 1:20 to 5:1.
15. The cathode of claim 13 wherein the first conductive material is different from the second conductive material.
16. The cathode of claim 13 wherein the inorganic active material comprises LiFePO 4 .
17. A method of making a lithium-ion cathode composition, the method comprising:
mixing poly(2-ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) (PFMMA) with a first conductive agent to form an organometallic active material composition;
then mixing the organometallic active material composition with an inorganic active material and a second conductive agent to form a hybrid cathode composition.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the first conductive agent is different from the second conductive agent.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the inorganic active material comprises LiMO 2 , Li x M 2 O 4 wherein 0<x<2, and M is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and/or Cr, MnO 2 , Li y V 2 O 5 wherein 0<y<2, LiN 0.5 Mn 1.5-z Ti z O 4 wherein 0<z<1.5, xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiMO 2 wherein 0<x< and M is Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al, and/or Cr, MoS 2 , Li 2 S, SeS x , MF 3 wherein M is Ti, V, Fe, Mn, and/or Co, LiAMF 6 wherein A is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Cu, Zn, and/or Cd and wherein M is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and/or Ni, LiMPO 4 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, LiMBO 3 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, Li 2 MSiO 4 wherein M is Fe, Mn, Co and/or Ni, or mixtures thereof.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the inorganic active material comprises LiFePO 4 .
21. A lithium-ion cathode composition comprising:
poly(2-ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate) (PFMMA), a first conductive agent, a second conductive agent and an inorganic active agent.
22. A method of making a cathode composition, the method comprising:
mixing an active material comprising a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (2):
wherein n>0, R 1 is —(CH 2 )— m , m=1-10 and R 2 ═H or a methyl group, with a first conductive agent to form an organometallic active material composition, and wherein the ferrocene polymer is at least 8% by weight of the cathode composition;
then mixing the organometallic active material composition with an inorganic active agent and a second conductive agent to form a hybrid cathode composition.
23. A method of making a cathode composition, the method comprising:
mixing an active material comprising a ferrocene polymer satisfying formula (2):
wherein n>0, R 1 is —(CH 2 )— m , m=1-10 and R 2 ═H or a methyl group, and wherein the ferrocene polymer is at least 8% by weight of the cathode composition, with a first conductive agent to form an organometallic active material composition:
then mixing the organometallic active material composition with an inorganic active agent to form a hybrid cathode composition.