Method for manufacturing granules from a liquid
A method for manufacturing granules of, e.g., urea or ammonium nitrate, wherein the ejection of submicron dust to the atmosphere is reduced is described. The method contains an arrangement of three scrubbers wherein the gas withdrawn from the granulator is provided to a first scrubber, resulting in the formation of a first purified gas stream, which is provided to a third scrubber, with the operating temperature of the third scrubber being below than of the first scrubber. In preferred embodiments, the process comprises various recycle streams.
1. A method for manufacturing granules, comprising:
providing a liquid comprising source material to a granulator,
withdrawing solid granules from the granulator and providing them to a granulate cooler,
withdrawing cooled granules from the granulate cooler,
withdrawing a first dust-containing gas from the granulator, and providing it to a first scrubber, and in the first scrubber contacting the first dust-containing gas with an aqueous liquid, resulting in the formation of a first purified gas stream and a first aqueous liquid containing source material, and withdrawing the first purified gas stream from the first scrubber, and withdrawing the first aqueous liquid containing source material from the first scrubber,
withdrawing a second dust-containing gas from the granulate cooler, and providing it to a second scrubber, and in the second scrubber contacting the second dust-containing gas with an aqueous liquid, resulting in the formation of a second purified gas stream and a second aqueous liquid containing source material, and withdrawing the second purified gas stream from the second scrubber, and withdrawing the second aqueous liquid containing source material from the second scrubber,
providing the first purified gas stream from the first scrubber to a third scrubber, and leading at least a part of the second aqueous liquid containing source material via a first line of a recycle loop between the second scrubber and the third scrubber and in the third scrubber contacting the first purified gas stream with the second aqueous liquid containing source material, resulting in the formation of a third purified gas stream and a third aqueous liquid containing source material, and withdrawing the third purified gas stream from the third scrubber, and withdrawing the third aqueous liquid containing source material from the third scrubber, which is at least partly returned to the second scrubber via a second line of the recycle loop, wherein the operating temperature of the third scrubber is below the operating temperature of the first scrubber.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber and/or the aqueous liquid provided to the second scrubber and/or the aqueous liquid provided to the third scrubber comprises source material.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the operating temperature of the third scrubber is higher than that of the second scrubber.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous liquid provided to the third scrubber comprises at least in part of aqueous liquid containing source material withdrawn from the second scrubber.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the aqueous liquid withdrawn from the third scrubber is provided to the second scrubber, and at least part of the aqueous liquid withdrawn from the second scrubber is provided to the third scrubber, with the liquid provided from the second scrubber to the third scrubber having a lower temperature than the liquid provided from the third scrubber to the second scrubber.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein fresh water is added to the second scrubber, and wherein the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber and the third scrubber consists for at least 50 vol. % of aqueous liquids which are recycle streams.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first scrubber and/or the second scrubber and/or the third scrubber are equipped with recycle loops wherein liquid effluent is withdrawn from the bottom of the scrubber and provided to the top of the scrubber.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein effluent withdrawn from the first scrubber is recycled to the granulation step, if necessary with an intermediate evaporation step.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the aqueous liquid provided to first scrubber is provided in an amount of at least 0.8 kg liquid/kg gas provided to the first scrubber.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the source material is urea, and the dust-containing gas provided to the first scrubber has a temperature in the range of 100-120° C., and comprises coarse urea dust with an average particle size of at least 0.05 mm and fine urea dust with an average particle size below 50 micron, and the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber has a temperature in the range of 40-50° C., and the temperature of the first aqueous liquid containing urea and the first purified gas stream is in the range of 40-50° C.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the aqueous liquid containing urea produced in the first scrubber has an urea concentration in the range of 35-55 wt. %.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the dust-containing gas provided to the second scrubber has a temperature in the range of 60-90° C., and the aqueous liquid provided to the second scrubber has a temperature in the range of 25-40° C., and the temperature of the second aqueous liquid containing urea and the second purified gas stream is in the range of 25-40° C.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the aqueous liquid containing urea produced in the second scrubber has an urea concentration in the range 1-20 wt. %.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the effluent gas stream from the first scrubber with a temperature of 40-50° C. is provided to the third scrubber to be combined with an aqueous liquid with a temperature in the range of 20-45° C.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the source material is ammonium nitrate, and the dust-containing gas provided to the first scrubber has a temperature in the range of 100-130° C., and comprises coarse ammonium nitrate dust with an average particle size of at least 0.05 mm, in particular at least 0.1 mm, and fine ammonium nitrate dust with an average particle size below 50 micron, and the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber has a temperature in the range of 40-50° C., and the temperature of the first aqueous liquid containing ammonium nitrate and the first purified gas stream is in the range of 40-50° C.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the aqueous liquid containing ammonium nitrate produced in the first scrubber has an ammonium nitrate concentration in the range of 35-70 wt. %.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the dust-containing gas provided to the second scrubber has a temperature in the range of 60-90° C., and the aqueous liquid provided to the second scrubber has a temperature in the range of 25-40° C., and the temperature of the second aqueous liquid containing ammonium nitrate and the second purified gas stream is in the range of 25-40° C.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the aqueous liquid containing ammonium nitrate produced in the second scrubber has an ammonium nitrate concentration in the range 1-20 wt. %.
19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the effluent gas stream from the first scrubber with a temperature of 40-50° C. is provided to the third scrubber to be combined with an aqueous liquid with a temperature in the range of 20-45° C.
20. The method according to claim 6 , wherein fresh water is added to the second scrubber, and wherein the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber and the third scrubber consists for at least 70 vol. % of aqueous liquids which are recycle streams.
21. The method according to claim 6 , wherein fresh water is added to the second scrubber, and wherein the aqueous liquid provided to the first scrubber and the third scrubber consists for at least 90 vol. % of aqueous liquids which are recycle streams.