Nickel-iron battery with high cycle life
The present invention provides one with a Ni—Fe battery exhibiting enhanced power characteristics. The battery uses a particular electrolyte. The resulting characteristics of specific power and power density are much improved over conventional Ni—Fe batteries. The electrolyte comprises sodium hydroxide, with lithium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. The iron anode comprises an iron active material and a polyvinyl alcohol binder.
1. A battery, comprising:
a nickel cathode;
an iron anode comprising an iron active material that comprises metal iron or an iron oxide material and a polyvinyl alcohol binder; and
an electrolyte comprising sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and sodium sulfide, with the amount of sulfide in the electrolyte ranging from 0.23% to 0.75% based on the weight of the electrolyte; and
with the battery exhibiting a cycle life of at least about 10,000 cycles.
2. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising a polyolefin battery separator.
3. The battery of claim 1 , which is a sealed battery.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the iron anode is comprised of a single layer of a conductive substrate coated on at least one side with a coating comprising the iron active material and the polyvinyl alcohol binder.
5. The battery of claim 4 , wherein the substrate is coated on both sides.
6. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting a specific energy of at least about 105 watt hours/kg.
7. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting an energy density of at least about 183 watt hours/liter.
8. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting a specific power of at least about 2100 watts/kg.
9. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting a power density of at least about 3660 watts/liter.
10. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting a watt hour efficiency of at least about 95%.
11. The battery of claim 1 , further exhibiting a charge retention, measured as capacity at 28 days 20° C., of at least about 95%.
12. The battery of claim 1 , exhibiting a specific energy of at least about 105 watt hours/kg;
an energy density of at least about 183 watt hours/liter;
a watt hour efficiency of at least about 95%; and
a charge retention of at least about 95%.