Validating and calibrating a forecast model

1. A method, comprising:

receiving first data based at least on a forecast model of a volcanic ash cloud, wherein the first data has at least one fewer spatial dimension than second data associated with the forecast model, wherein the first data comprises an image;

determining accuracy of the forecast model based on at least the image of the first data and measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud; and

providing results of the determining the accuracy of the forecast model.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising accessing the forecast model of the volcanic ash cloud, wherein the accessing the forecast model comprises at least one of generating the forecast model of the volcanic ash cloud and receiving the forecast model of the volcanic ash cloud.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining one or more ash sizes, wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud include the one or more ash sizes, wherein the one or more ash sizes are determined at one or more altitudes; and

determining one or more ash concentrations, wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud include the ash concentrations, wherein the one or more ash concentrations are determined at one or more altitudes.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving a satellite image of the volcanic ash, wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud comprise at least a portion of the satellite image.

5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising determining a satellite look angle.

6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:

calculating one or more ash sizes based on the satellite look angle; and

calculating one or more ash concentrations based on the satellite look angle.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein refining the forecast model comprises changing at least one of, one or more ash sizes in the forecast model and one or more ash concentrations in the forecast model.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first data comprises only two spatial dimensions.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising refining the forecast model based at least on the results of the determining the accuracy of the forecast model, thereby improving a representation of the volcanic ash cloud.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forecast model comprises a volcanic ash forecast transport and dispersion model.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash are obtained from at least one of RADAR, LiDAR, an optical sensor, a dropsonde, an unmanned aircraft, and a weather balloon.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining accuracy is based on a comparison of a portion of the first data and the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining a total mass of the volcanic ash cloud, wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud comprise the one or more ash sizes; and

determining a density of one or more particles in the volcanic ash cloud, wherein the measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud comprise the one or more ash sizes.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining accuracy of the forecast model based at least on information associated with a volcano.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the information associated with the volcano comprises at least one of a geochemistry of the volcano and an eruption rate of the volcano.

16. A method comprising:

accessing a three dimensional forecast model comprising a representation of a particle cloud;

generating a two dimensional synthetic image of the three dimensional forecast model based on a time parameter;

receiving measurements of the particle cloud, wherein the measurements are associated with a time indicated by the time parameter;

determining a difference between the representation of the particle cloud and the particle cloud based on the measurements and the two dimensional synthetic image; and

adjusting the three dimensional forecast model based on the difference between the representation of the particle cloud and the particle cloud.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein receiving measurements of the particle cloud comprises using at least one of RADAR, LIDAR, satellite imagery, satellite remote sensing, infrared reverse absorption, brightness temperature differencing, visible spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, a balloon, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a dropsonde, a rocket power aircraft, an electrically powered aircraft, and an air breathing engine aircraft.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein determining a difference between the representation of the particle cloud and the particle cloud based on the measurements of the particle cloud and the two dimensional synthetic image comprises comparing the two-dimensional synthetic image to a two dimensional satellite image made at the time indicated by the time parameter.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein receiving measurements of the particle cloud comprises receiving satellite imaging from a plurality of look-angles and calculating a vertical height of particles of the particle cloud.

20. A system, comprising:

a memory having computer-executable instructions encoded thereon; and

at least one processor functionally coupled to the memory and configured, by the computer-executable instructions, for,

receiving first data based at least on a forecast model of a volcanic ash cloud, wherein the first data has at least one fewer spatial dimension than second data associated with the forecast model, wherein the first data comprises an image;

determining accuracy of the forecast model based on at least the image of the first data and measurements of at least a portion of the volcanic ash cloud; and

providing results of the determining the accuracy of the forecast model.