Method of synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves
A method for synthesizing silica nanofibers using sound waves is provided. The method includes providing a solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, adding sodium citrate and ammonium hydroxide to form a first mixture, adding a silica-based compound to the solution to form a second mixture, and sonicating the second mixture to synthesize a plurality of silica nanofibers having an average cross-sectional diameter of less than 70 nm and having a length on the order of at least several hundred microns. The method can be performed without heating or electrospinning, and instead includes less energy intensive strategies that can be scaled up to an industrial scale. The resulting nanofibers can achieve a decreased mean diameter over conventional fibers. The decreased diameter generally increases the tensile strength of the silica nanofibers, as defects and contaminations decrease with the decreasing diameter.
1. A method of forming silica nanofibers comprising:
adding water, sodium citrate, ethanol, and ammonium hydroxide to a solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone to form a first mixture;
adding tetraethyl orthosilicate to the first mixture to form a second mixture; and
sonicating the second mixture to synthesize a plurality of silica nanofibers having an average cross-sectional diameter of not more than 70 nm.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone includes a concentration of 1.25 mM to 2.60 mM polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first mixture includes a molar concentration of sodium citrate between 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first mixture includes a molar concentration of ethanol between 0.5 M and 2.5 M.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first mixture includes a molar concentration of ammonium hydroxide between 0.1 M and 1.0 M.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second mixture includes a molar concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate between 20 mM to 60 mM.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein sonicating the second mixture is performed at room temperature.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein sonicating the second mixture includes applying ultrasound energy to the reaction mixture for greater than one hour.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein sonicating the second mixture includes sonicating the reaction mixture in a sonicating bath.