Coating including inorganic fullerene-like particles and inorganic tubular-like particles
In one embodiment, a coating is provided that includes a deposition surface, and a coating on the deposition surface. The coating may include particles of a metal chalcogenide comprising a fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination of fullerene-like geometries and tubular-like geometries. The metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX 2 .
1. A coating composition:
an automotive friction deposition surface; and
a composite coating on the automotive friction deposition surface, the entirety of the composite coating being present on an exterior of the automotive friction deposition surface that is directly contacted in a friction causing event, the composite coating including a dispersed phase of particles of a metal chalcogenide comprising a fullerene-like geometry having a solid core, a tubular-like geometry having a solid core or a combination of the fullerene-like geometry having the solid core and the tubular-like geometry having the solid core, the dispersed phase being a multilayered structure having an outer layer comprising at least one sectioned portion, the at least one sectioned portion extends along a direction away from the curvature of the multilayered structure, the at least one sectioned portion engaged to remaining section of the outer layer, the dispersed phase of particles being present substantially throughout a matrix phase of a polymeric base material, the matrix phase being the majority component of the composite coating, the dispersed phase being present substantially extending from an interface of the composite coating with the deposition surface to an upper surface of the composite coating, wherein the metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX 2 , where M is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Jr), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) and combinations thereof, and X is a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), oxygen (O) and combinations thereof.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the deposition surface is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic, a dielectric, a polymer or a combination thereof.
3. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the base material is selected from the group consisting base material layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of elastomers, epoxies, thermoplastic polymers, polyamides, polyphthalamide, polyphthalamide blend, poly-amide-imide, polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polyester, polyurethanes, polyproplenes, and combinations thereof.
4. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the metal chalcogenide having said at least one of the fullerene-like geometry and the tubular-like geometry are present in the base material layer in an amount of greater than 0.1 wt %.
5. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the metal chalcogenide having the molecular formula MX 2 are tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) or a combination thereof.
6. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the metal chalcogenide having the molecular formula MX 2 have a fullerene-like geometry and a diameter ranging from 5 nm to 5 μm, or the particles of the metal chalcogenide having the molecular formula MX 2 have a tube-like geometry and a diameter ranging 1 nm to 150 nm and a length ranging from 10 nm to 15 cm.
7. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the metal chalcogenide are functionalized with at least one of non-anionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, surfactants, silanes, thiols, polymers and dopants.
8. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the base material is an epoxy.
9. The coating composition of claim 8 , wherein the epoxy is selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin, aliphatic epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin and combinations thereof.