LNG recovery from syngas using a mixed refrigerant
Processes and systems are provided for recovering a liquid natural gas (LNG) stream from a hydrocarbon-containing feed gas stream using a single closed-loop mixed refrigerant cycle. In particular, the processes and systems described herein can be used to separate methane from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are common components in synthesis gas and other hydrocarbon-containing gases.
1. A process for recovering liquid methane gas from a hydrocarbon-containing gas, the process comprising:
(a) cooling and at least partially condensing the hydrocarbon-containing gas to thereby provide a cooled feed stream, wherein at least a portion of the cooling in step (a) is carried out via indirect heat exchange with a mixed refrigerant stream in a closed-loop refrigeration cycle;
(b) separating at least a portion of the cooled feed stream in a primary distillation column to thereby form a first methane-rich bottom stream and a first methane-poor overhead stream comprising at least 1 mole % of carbon monoxide;
(c) fractionating at least a portion of the first methane-rich bottom stream in a secondary distillation column to thereby form a second methane-rich bottom stream and a second methane-poor overhead stream;
(d) cooling and at least partially condensing the second methane-poor overhead stream to thereby form a cooled overhead stream;
(e) separating the cooled overhead stream in a condenser drum to thereby form a third methane-poor overhead stream and a methane-rich liquid reflux stream;
(f) flashing a first portion of the liquid reflux stream and introducing the first portion into the primary distillation column as reflux;
(g) flashing a second portion of the liquid reflux stream and introducing the second portion into the secondary distillation column as reflux; and
(h) cooling the second methane-rich bottom stream to thereby produce an LNG-enriched stream and recovering the LNG-enriched stream without further separating,
wherein the process does not contain a nitrogen refrigeration loop.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising precooling the hydrocarbon-containing gas prior to the cooling of step (a) to thereby form a precooled hydrocarbon-containing gas, wherein the precooled hydrocarbon-containing gas is the hydrocarbon-containing gas in step (a).
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the precooling is carried out via indirect heat exchange with the mixed refrigerant stream in the closed-loop refrigeration cycle.
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the separating of step (b), splitting the cooled feed stream in a vapor-liquid separator to thereby form an initial methane-rich liquid stream and an initial methane-poor vapor stream, wherein the cooled feed stream in the separating of step (b) comprises the initial methane-rich liquid stream, the initial methane-poor vapor stream, or a combination thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas is a synthesis gas comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the separating of step (b) occurs at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 5 MPa.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the fractionating of step (c) occurs at a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 3 MPa.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooled feed stream has a temperature in the range of −120 to −200° C.
9. A process for recovering liquid methane gas from a hydrocarbon-containing gas, the process comprising:
(a) cooling and at least partially condensing the hydrocarbon-containing gas to thereby provide a cooled feed stream;
(b) splitting the cooled feed stream in a vapor-liquid separator to thereby form an initial methane-rich liquid stream and an initial methane-poor vapor stream;
(c) expanding the initial methane-rich liquid stream to form a two-phase stream;
(d) introducing the two-phase stream directly into a primary distillation column and separating the two-phase stream in the primary distillation column to thereby form a first methane-rich liquid stream and a first methane-poor vapor stream, wherein the separating occurs at a pressure in the range of 1.5 to 5 MPa;
(e) fractionating the first methane-rich liquid stream in a secondary distillation column to thereby form a second methane-rich liquid stream and a second methane-poor vapor stream, wherein the fractionating occurs at a pressure in the range of 0.5 to 3 MPa;
(f) cooling and at least partially condensing the second methane-poor overhead stream to thereby form a cooled overhead stream;
(g) separating the cooled overhead stream in a condenser drum to thereby form a third methane-poor overhead stream and a methane-rich liquid reflux stream;
(h) flashing a first portion of the liquid reflux stream and introducing the first portion into the primary distillation column as reflux;
(i) flashing a second portion of the liquid reflux stream and introducing the second portion into the secondary distillation column as reflux; and
(j) cooling at least a portion of the second methane-rich liquid stream to thereby form an LNG-enriched liquid stream.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein at least a portion of the cooling in step (a) and the cooling in step (f) are carried out via indirect heat exchange with a single mixed refrigerant stream in a closed-loop refrigeration cycle, a dual mixed refrigerant cycle, or a cascade refrigeration cycle.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein at least a portion of the cooling in step (a) and the cooling in step (f) are carried out via indirect heat exchange with a mixed refrigerant stream in a closed-loop refrigeration cycle.
12. The process of claim 9 , further comprising precooling the hydrocarbon-containing gas prior to the cooling of step (a) to thereby form a precooled hydrocarbon-containing gas, wherein at least a portion of the precooling is carried out via indirect heat exchange with a mixed refrigerant stream in a closed-loop refrigeration cycle, wherein the precooled hydrocarbon-containing gas is the hydrocarbon-containing gas in step (a).
13. The process of claim 9 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas is a synthesis gas comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.
14. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cooled feed stream has a temperature in the range of −120 to −200° C.
15. The process of claim 9 , wherein the process does not contain a nitrogen refrigeration loop.
16. The process of claim 9 , further comprising:
(i) expanding the initial methane-poor vapor stream to thereby form an expanded initial methane-poor vapor stream; and
(ii) introducing the expanded initial methane-poor vapor stream into the primary distillation column.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first methane-poor overhead stream comprises less than 0.5 mole % of methane.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second methane-poor overhead stream comprises at least 50 mole % of carbon monoxide.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second methane-rich bottom stream comprises less than 1 mole % of carbon monoxide.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling of steps (a), (d), and (h) all occur within a primary heat exchanger.
21. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cooling of steps (a), (f), and (j) all occur within a primary heat exchanger.
22. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first methane-rich bottom stream is in the form of a liquid when introduced into the secondary distillation column for the fractionating of step (c).