ADAM6 mice
Mice are provided that comprise a reduction or deletion of ADAM6 activity from an endogenous ADAM6 locus, or that lack an endogenous locus encoding a mouse ADAM6 protein, wherein the mice comprise a sequence encoding an ADAM6 or ortholog or homolog or fragment thereof that is functional in a male mouse. In one embodiment, the sequence is an ectopic ADAM6 sequence or a sequence that confers upon a male mouse the ability to generate offspring by mating. Mice and cells with genetically modified immunoglobulin heavy chain loci that comprise an ectopic nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse ADAM6 or functional fragment or homolog or ortholog thereof are also provided.
1. A genetically modified mouse whose genome comprises one or more human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene segments at an endogenous mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus and a nucleotide sequence that encodes a mouse ADAM6 protein, which nucleotide sequence is integrated in the genome of the mouse, wherein the mouse ADAM6 protein is expressed in the genetically modified mouse, and wherein said mouse is characterized in that
i) it is fertile; and
ii) when it is immunized with an antigen, it generates antibodies comprising human heavy chain variable domains operably linked to mouse heavy chain constant domains.
2. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse ADAM6 protein is mouse ADAM6a and/or mouse ADAM6b.
3. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is an endogenous nucleotide sequence.
4. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genetically modified mouse lacks an endogenous functional ADAM6 sequence at its endogenous mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
5. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is integrated into the mouse genome at the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
6. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is integrated into the mouse genome at a position that is not at the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
7. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is integrated into the mouse genome at position that is upstream of its natural position along the chromosome.
8. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein is integrated into the mouse genome and is within a V-D intergenic region.
9. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the one or more human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene segments include one or more human V H gene segments.
10. The genetically modified mouse of claim 9 , wherein the one or more human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene segments further include one or more human D H gene segments and/or one or more human J H gene segments.
11. The genetically modified mouse of claim 10 , wherein the one or more human V H gene segments, the one or more human D H gene segments, and the one or more human J H gene segments are operably linked to a mouse heavy chain constant region gene.
12. The genetically modified mouse of claim 11 , wherein the mouse heavy chain constant region gene comprises a C H 1, a hinge, a C H 2, a C H 3 or a combination thereof.
13. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse genome includes endogenous heavy chain variable region gene segments.
14. The genetically modified mouse of claim 1 , wherein the genome of the genetically modified mouse further comprises one or more human Vκ gene segments and one or more human Jκ gene segments.
15. The genetically modified mouse of claim 14 , wherein the genetically modified mouse generates antibodies comprising human light chain variable domains linked to non-human light chain constant domains, wherein the human light chain variable domains are encoded by human light chain variable region sequences derived from human Vκ gene segments selected from the group consisting of Vκ2-40, Vκ1-39, Vκ1-37, Vκ1-33, Vκ2-30, Vκ2-29, Vκ2-28, Vκ1-27, Vκ2-24, Vκ6-21, Vκ3-20, Vκ1-17, Vκ1-16, Vκ3-15, Vκ1-12, Vκ3-11, Vκ1-5, and Vκ4-1.
16. The genetically modified mouse of claim 14 , which genetically modified mouse has B cells that comprise a rearranged human immunoglobulin variable region sequence.
17. The genetically modified mouse of claim 16 , wherein the rearranged human immunoglobulin variable region sequence is selected from the group consisting of a rearranged human heavy chain variable region sequence and a rearranged human light chain variable region sequence.
18. The genetically modified mouse of claim 16 , wherein the rearranged human immunoglobulin variable region sequence is a rearranged human heavy chain variable region gene sequence, and the B cells comprise the nucleotide sequence that encodes the mouse ADAM6 protein.
19. The genetically modified mouse of claim 9 , wherein the one or more human V H gene segments is selected from the group consisting of V H 6-1, V H 1-2, V H 1-3, V H 2-5, V H 3-7, V H 1-8, V H 3-9, V H 3-11, V H 3-13, V H 3-15, V H 3-16, V H 1-18, V H 3-20, V H 3-21, V H 3-23, V H 1-24, V H 2-26, V H 4-28, V H 3-30, V H 4-31, V H 3-33, V H 4-34, V H 3-35, V H 3-38, V H 4-39, V H 3-43, V H 1-45, V H 1-46, V H 3-48, V H 3-49, V H 5-51, V H 3-53, V H 1-58, V H 4-59, V H 4-61, V H 3-64, V H 3-66, V H 1-69, V H 2-70, V H 3-72, V H 3-73 and V H 3-74.