Mitigation of plugging in hydroprocessing reactors
The behavior of a monitored condition over time for a reactor or reaction system can be analyzed using groupings or windows of data to identify anomalous features in the time-average values. Anomalous features can be identified based on a threshold value generated from the analysis. Based on identification of an anomalous feature, a corrective action can be taken. For example, when the monitored condition is the pressure drop across a catalyst bed, detection of an anomaly can indicate the time to initiate a wash process for the catalyst bed before a large drop in catalyst activity occurs. By detecting an anomaly at an earlier point in time, a wash cycle can be initiated earlier so that the wash is more effective at restoring the catalyst bed to a desired condition.
1. A process for mitigating plugging in a reactor containing a fixed bed of catalyst, comprising:
monitoring a reactor pressure to obtain a plurality of sampling values at a plurality of times;
forming pattern window vectors having a first window size based on the sampling values, each pattern window vector being associated with a time from the plurality of times;
determining residue values for the pattern window vectors at the plurality of times based on a variance and a difference between the pattern window vector and a mean vector, the mean vector and the variance for a pattern window vector associated with a time being based on more than one portion of the pattern window vectors;
identifying a residue value greater than a threshold value; and
initiating a wash sequence for the catalyst bed based on the identified residue value.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein monitoring a reactor pressure comprises monitoring a pressure drop across a catalyst bed.
3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising monitoring one or more additional pressures or temperatures, wherein the pattern window vectors comprise two-dimensional vectors.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein monitoring a reactor pressure comprises measuring the reactor pressure at a second plurality of times; and sampling the measured pressures to generate the sampling values.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein sampling the measured pressures comprises selecting a subset of the measured pressures, combining a plurality of measured pressures to form a sampling value, or a combination thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein determining a residue value comprises:
determining a mean vector based on the pattern window vectors;
calculating a variance for the pattern window vectors; and
calculating the residue value based on the determined mean vector and the calculated variance.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the determined mean vector comprises a moving mean vector and the calculated variance comprises a moving variance.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein a plurality of residue values are calculated based on each pattern window vector, each residue value calculation being based on a different value of the memory parameter, μ, for forming pattern window vectors.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the threshold value is selected based on a standard deviation of the determined residue values.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein initiating the wash sequence comprises replacing at least a portion of a feedstock for the reactor with a wash solvent; and maintaining the wash solvent in the feedstock until at least about 3 reactor volumes of the wash solvent have passed through the reaction system.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein replacing at least a portion of the feedstock with a wash solvent comprises replacing at least about 50 vol % of the feedstock with the wash solvent, the wash solvent comprising trimethyl benzene, N-methylpyrrolidone, light cycle oils, other refinery streams containing one- or two-ring aromatics, or a combination thereof.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of pattern window vectors are formed based on each sampling value, at least two of the plurality of pattern window vectors having a different window size.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mean vector and the variance for a pattern window associated with a time are based on pattern window vectors within a sampling window, the sampling window having a second window size, the second window size being larger than the first window size.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the wash sequence is automatically initiated based on identifying the residue value greater than the threshold value.
15. A process for mitigating plugging in a reactor containing a fixed bed of catalyst, comprising:
monitoring a reactor pressure to obtain a plurality of sampling values at a plurality of times;
forming pattern window vectors having a first window size based on the sampling values;
selecting a value for the memory parameter, p, where 1/p is greater than the first window size;
determining residue values for the pattern window vectors at the plurality of times based on the selected memory parameter value, a moving variance and a difference between the pattern window vector and a moving mean vector, the moving mean vector and the moving variance for a pattern vector associated with a time being based on more than one of the pattern window vectors;
identifying a residue value greater than a threshold value; and
initiating a wash sequence for the catalyst bed based on the identified residue value.