Methods for synthesizing microporous crystals and microporous crystal membranes

1. A method of making microporous crystals, comprising:

a. forming a mixture comprising NaOH, water, and one or more of an aluminum source, a silicon source, and a phosphate source, whereupon the mixture forms a gel;

b. heating the gel for a first time period, whereupon a first volume of water is removed from the gel; and

c. heating the gel for a second time period, during which a second volume of water is added to the gel, wherein the rate of addition of the second volume of water is between about 0.5 and about 2.0 fold the rate of removal of the first volume of water.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microporous crystals include aluminosilicate, silicate, aluminophosphate, or silicoaluminophosphate crystals.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microporous crystals comprise crystals having a faujasite or an MFI framework.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum source comprises one or more of sodium aluminate, aluminum isopropoxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon source comprises one or more of sodium silicate, silica and colloidal silica.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphate source comprises one or more of phosphoric acid or a phosphate salt.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises at least one alkali metal cation, alkaline metal cation or quaternary ammonium cation.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first volume of water is between about 15% and about 75% of the volume of water in the mixture.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the second volume of water is between about 0.5 and about 2.0 fold the first volume of water.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the first volume of water is collected as a condensate, and the second volume of water comprises at least some of the condensate.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating steps b. and c.

12. A method of making a microporous crystal membrane, comprising:

a. forming a mixture comprising NaOH, water, and one or more of an aluminum source, a silicon source, and a phosphate source, whereupon the mixture forms a gel;

b. heating the gel for a first time period, whereupon a first volume of water is removed from the gel and microporous crystal nuclei form, the nuclei having a framework; and

c. applying the gel to a solid support seeded with microporous crystals having a framework that is the same as the framework of the nuclei;

d. heating the gel for a second time period, during which a second volume of water is added to the gel; wherein the rate of addition of the second volume of water is between about 0.5 and about 2.0 fold the rate of removal of the first volume of water.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the microporous crystals include aluminosilicate, silicate, aluminophosphate, or silicoaluminophosphate crystals.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aluminum source comprises one or more of sodium aluminate, aluminum isopropoxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the silicon source comprises one or more of sodium silicate and colloidal silica.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the phosphate source comprises one or more of phosphoric acid or a phosphate salt.

17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mixture further comprises at least one alkali metal cation, alkaline metal cation or quaternary ammonium cation.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first volume of water is between about 15% and about 75% of the water.

19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the gel is applied to the solid support after the gel has been heated for the first period of time.

20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second volume of water is between about 0.5 and about 2.0 fold the first volume of water.