Hydrogen sulfide conversion to hydrogen
A process and system for substantially eliminating contaminants from a gas and a gas produced therefrom.
1. A process for producing hydrogen from a gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, said process comprising:
a. passing the gas stream to a vertical reactor chamber, wherein the reactor chamber has an outer cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber, said interior chamber including a heating zone, a membrane and a sulfur condenser, said reactor having:
i. an inlet for introducing the gas stream into the interior chamber;
ii. the heating zone disposed in the interior chamber to heat said gas stream, said heating zone comprising a catalyst consisting of malachite and a metal having 75% nickel and 25% chromium;
iii. said membrane being a hydrogen porous ceramic membrane disposed in the interior chamber, said ceramic membrane being permeable to hydrogen gas but impermeable to hydrogen sulfide and sulfur vapor and having a membrane interior defining a flow passageway in communication with a first outlet;
iv. the sulfur condenser being disposed in the interior chamber below the membrane in fluid communication with a second outlet; and
v. a gas outlet in communication with the interior chamber;
b. reacting the hydrogen sulfide and optionally the hydrogen sulfide and the carbon dioxide in the heating zone at temperature of from about 400° C. to about 700° C. wherein a conversion of hydrogen sulfide is at least about 95% to provide hydrogen gas and sulfur vapor, and optionally water in the interior chamber;
c. continuously and immediately removing the hydrogen gas through said membrane to provide hydrogen and withdrawing the hydrogen from the first outlet;
d. continuously condensing the sulfur vapor in the condensing zone to provide liquid sulfur withdrawing the liquid sulfur from the second outlet; and
e. withdrawing a reactor effluent gas from the interior chamber from the gas outlet, said reactor effluent gas comprising less than about 4.7 ppb hydrogen sulfide.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream further comprises natural gas.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor chamber includes one or more reactor chambers in series.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is in a form of a powder or a pellet.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is disposed on a carrier.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactor chamber is operated at a pressure ranging from sub-atmospheric pressure up to 3,000 psi (20,684 kPa).
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream comprises up to about 90 percent hydrogen sulfide.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream comprises a mixture of natural gas, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, having hydrogen sulfide present in a ratio of two moles of hydrogen sulfide to one mole of carbon dioxide, and wherein the catalyst comprises malachite to provide the reactor effluent gas comprising a detectable hydrogen sulfide concentration of less than 4.7 ppb.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conversion of hydrogen sulfide comprises at least about 99.9%.
10. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein the reactor chamber comprises temperature-resistant borosilicate glass or quartz glass.
11. A reactor for the continuous conversion of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen gas and liquid sulfur in a single vertical reactor chamber, said reactor chamber having an outer cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber, said interior chamber including a heating zone, a membrane and a sulfur condenser, said reactor chamber having:
i. an inlet for introducing the gas stream into the interior chamber;
ii. the heating zone disposed in the interior chamber to heat said gas stream, said heating zone comprising a catalyst consisting of malachite and a metal having 75% nickel and 25% chromium;
iii. said membrane being a ceramic membrane disposed in the interior chamber, said ceramic membrane being permeable to hydrogen gas but impermeable to hydrogen sulfide and sulfur vapor, said ceramic membrane having a membrane interior defining a flow passageway in communication with a first outlet;
iv. the sulfur condenser being disposed in the interior chamber below the membrane in fluid communication with a second outlet;
v. a gas outlet in fluid communication with the interior chamber; and,
vi) a collector in communication with the second outlet for removing said sulfur from the reactor.
12. The reactor of claim 11 , wherein the collector is a receiver, moving belt, or a drum.
13. The reactor of claim 11 , wherein the continuous conversion of hydrogen sulfide comprises at least about 99.9%.