Vehicle electrical network having at least two energy storage devices, method for operating a vehicle electrical network, and means for the implementation thereof

1. A vehicle electrical network, comprising:

at least one electric machine configured to be operated at least as a generator;

a first energy storage device;

a second energy storage device; and

a switching system configured to set the following switching states a) through c) alternatively to one another:

a) one of (i) only the first energy storage device is connected to the electric machine or (ii) only the second energy storage device is connected to the electric machine;

b) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in parallel to the electric machine; and

c) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in series to the electric machine.

2. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

at least one electric consumer configured to be selectively supplied with power by one of an output voltage of the first energy storage device or an output voltage of the second energy storage device.

3. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

an electric high-load consumer configured to be supplied with power, in the switching state c), at least at times by an output voltage of the electric machine.

4. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:

a start device configured to be supplied with power by at least one of the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.

5. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , wherein the electric machine is configured to be selectively operated in a generator mode and in a motor mode, the electric machine being supplied with power at least at times by the first energy storage device and by the second energy storage device for the motor mode operation.

6. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , wherein:

the switching system includes: (i) a first switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (ii) one of a diode or a second switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (iii) a third switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (iv) a fourth switching element having first and second voltage terminals; and (v) a control device; and

the diode permits a current flow in a first direction between the first and second voltage terminals of the diode, and blocks a current flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

7. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 6 , wherein:

the first voltage terminal of the electric machine, the first voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, and the first voltage terminal of the first switching element are connected in conductive fashion to one another;

the second voltage terminal of the electric machine, the second voltage terminal of the second energy storage device, and the second voltage terminal of the third switching element are connected in conductive fashion to one another;

the second voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, the first voltage terminal of the one of the second switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the third switching element are connected in conductive fashion to one another;

the second voltage terminal of the first switching element, the second voltage terminal of the one of the second switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the fourth switching element are connected in conductive fashion to one another; and

the second voltage terminal of the fourth switching element and the first voltage terminal of the second energy storage device are connected in conductive fashion to one another.

8. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 6 , wherein:

the first voltage terminal of the electric machine, the first voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, and the first voltage terminal of the first switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the second voltage terminal of the electric machine, the second voltage terminal of the third switching element, and the second voltage terminal of the fourth switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the second voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, the first voltage terminal of the one of the second switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the third switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the second voltage terminal of the first switching element, the second voltage terminal of the one of the second switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the second energy storage device are connected to one another in conductive fashion; and

the first voltage terminal of the fourth switching element and the second voltage terminal of the second energy storage device are connected to one another in conductive fashion.

9. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 1 , wherein:

the switching system includes: (i) a first switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (ii) a second switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (iii) one of a diode or a third switching element having first and second voltage terminals; (iv) a fourth switching element having first and second voltage terminals; and (v) a control device; and

the diode permits a current flow in a first direction between the first and second voltage terminals of the diode, and blocks a current flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

10. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 9 , wherein:

the first voltage terminal of the electric machine, the first voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, and the first voltage terminal of the first switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the second voltage terminal of the electric machine, the second voltage terminal of the second energy storage device, and the second voltage terminal of the fourth switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the second voltage terminal of the first energy storage device, the first voltage terminal of the one of the third switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the fourth switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion;

the first voltage terminal of the second energy storage device, the second voltage terminal of the one of the third switching element or the diode, and the first voltage terminal of the second switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion; and

the second voltage terminal of the first switching element, and the second voltage terminal of the second switching element are connected to one another in conductive fashion.

11. The vehicle electrical network as recited in claim 6 , wherein the control device controls the first through fourth switching elements in order to set the switching states a) through c).

12. A method for operating a vehicle electrical network having at least one electric machine configured to be operated at least as a generator, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a switching system, the method comprising:

setting, using the switching system, the following switching states a) through c) alternatively to one another:

a) one of (i) only the first energy storage device is connected to the electric machine or (ii) only the second energy storage device is connected to the electric machine;

b) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in parallel to the electric machine; and

c) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in series to the electric machine.

13. The method as recited in claim 12 , wherein the electric machine is operated in a generator mode, and the output voltage of the electric machine in the switching state c) is set higher than in at least one of the switching states a) and b).

14. A non-transitory computer-readable data storage medium storing a computer program having program codes which, when executed on a computer, performs a method for operating a vehicle electrical network having at least one electric machine configured to be operated at least as a generator, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and a switching system, the method comprising:

setting, using the switching system, the following switching states a) through c) alternatively to one another:

a) one of (i) only the first energy storage device is connected to the electric machine or (ii) only the second energy storage device is connected to the electric machine;

b) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in parallel to the electric machine; and

c) the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device are connected in series to the electric machine.