PSMA-binding agents and uses thereof
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding compounds having radioisotope substituents are described, as well as chemical precursors thereof. Compounds include pyridine containing compounds, compounds having phenylhydrazine structures, and acylated lysine compounds. The compounds allow ready incorporation of radionuclides for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging, for example, prostate cancer cells and angiogenesis.
1. A compound having the structure
wherein
Z is tetrazole or CO 2 Q;
each Q is independently selected from hydrogen or a protecting group;
and wherein
(A) m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
Y is O, S, N(R′), C(O), NR′C(O), C(O)N(R′), OC(O), C(O)O, NR′C(O)NR′, NR′C(S)NR′, NR′S(O) 2 , S(CH 2 ) p , NR′(CH 2 ) p , O(CH 2 ) p , OC(O)CHR 8 NHC(O), NHC(O)CHR 8 NHC(O), or a covalent bond; wherein p is 1, 2, or 3, R′ is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R 8 is hydrogen alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted;
R is
wherein
X′ is selected from the group consisting of NHNH 2 , —NHN═CHR 3 , and —NHNH—CH 2 R 3 ; wherein R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl each of which is substituted by fluorine, iodine, a radioisotope of fluorine, a radioisotope of iodine, bromine, a radioisotope of bromine, or a radioisotope of astatine; NO 2 , NH 2 , N + (R 2 ) 3 , Sn(R 2 ) 3 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , Hg(R 2 ), or B(OH) 2 ;
R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; or
(B) m is 4,
Y is NR′, and
R is
wherein G is O, NR′ or a covalent bond;
R 7 is selected from the group consisting of NH 2 , N═CHR 3 , NH—CH 2 R 3 , wherein R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl each of which is substituted by fluorine, iodine, a radioisotope of fluorine, a radioisotope of iodine, chlorine, bromine, a radioisotope of bromine, or a radioisotope of astatine, NO 2 , NH 2 , N + (R 2 ) 3 , Sn(R 2 ) 3 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , Hg(R 2 ), B(OH) 2 ; and R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; p is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
2. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein Z is CO 2 Q.
3. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein Q is hydrogen.
4. A compound according to claim 1 , where m is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
5. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein
m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;
Y is O, S, N(R′), C(O), NR′C(O), C(O)N(R′), OC(O), C(O)O, NR′C(O)NR′, NR′C(S)NR′, NR′S(O) 2 , S(CH 2 ) p , NR′(CH 2 ) p , O(CH 2 ) p , OC(O)CHR 8 NHC(O), NHC(O)CHR 8 NHC(O), or a covalent bond; wherein p is 1, 2, or 3, R is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be substituted;
R is
wherein
X′ is selected from the group consisting of NHNH 2 , —NHN═CHR 3 , —NHNH—CH 2 R 3 ; wherein R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted by fluorine, iodine, a radioisotope of fluorine, a radioisotope of iodine, bromine, a radioisotope of bromine, or a radioisotope of astatine; NO 2 , NH 2 , N + (R 2 ) 3 , Sn(R 2 ) 3 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , Hg(R 2 ), and B(OH) 2 , where R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
6. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 1.
7. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein m is 4, Y is NR′, and R is
wherein G is O, NR′ or a covalent bond,
p is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and
R 7 is selected from the group consisting of NH 2 , N═CHR 3 , NH—CH 2 R 3 , wherein R 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl each of which is substituted by fluorine, iodine, a radioisotope of fluorine, a radioisotope of iodine, chlorine bromine, a radioisotope of bromine, or a radioisotope of astatine NO 2 , NH 2 , N + (R 2 ) 3 , Sn(R 2 ) 3 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , Hg(R 2 ), and B(OH) 2 , wherein R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
8. A compound according to claim 7 , wherein G is O or NR′.
9. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein R comprises a radioisotope.
10. A compound according to claim 9 , wherein the radioisotope is selected from the group consisting of 18 F, 123 I, 124 I, 125 I, 126 I, 131 I, 75 Br, 76 Br, 77 Br, 80 Br, 80 BR, 80m Br, 82 Br, 83 Br and 211 At.
11. A method of imaging one or more cells, organs or tissues comprising exposing the cell to or administering to an organism an effective amount of a compound according to claim 9 .
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more organs or tissues includes prostate tissue, kidney tissue, brain tissue vascular tissue or tumor tissue.
13. A compound according to claim 1 , having the structure
14. A compound according to claim 1 , having the structure
15. A method of treating a tumor comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 comprising a therapeutically effective radioisotope.
16. A kit comprising a compound according to claim 1 .