ROTARY FRICTION DRYER AND METHOD OF USE

1 . A rotary friction dryer or gasifier comprising:

an entrance stage and an exit stage; wherein the entrance stage includes an intake throat and the temperature of each stage is controllable;

a decompression zone located such that it separates the entrance and exit stages;

a multi-stage compression screw a portion of which is in the entrance stage, decompression zone, and exit stage;

a mixing means coupled to the screw;

at least one exhaust vent is located in the decompression zone; and

at least one discharge outlet located in the exit stage.

2 . The rotary friction dryer of claim 1 , wherein the rotary friction dryer further comprises an aftercooling device coupled to the discharge outlet in the exit stage.

3 . The rotary friction dryer of claim 1 , wherein the mixing means is more than one small pin located in the threads of the screw; the small pin having a length that is equal to 2% to 98% of the depth of the threads.

4 . The rotary friction dryer of claim 3 , wherein the small pins are located on the portion of the screw that is within the decompression zone.

5 . The rotary friction dryer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one exhaust vent located in the decompression zone is coupled to a vacuum system.

6 . The rotary friction dryer of claim 2 , wherein the aftercooling device includes both an upward discharge outlet and a downward facing discharge outlet.

7 . A method of separating a mixture of water, solid materials, and chemicals, the method comprising:

providing a rotary friction dryer or gasifier according to claim 1 ;

feeding a mixture of water, solids, and chemicals into the entrance stage to form a biomass;

causing the biomass to be mixed and heated as it progresses through the entrance stage into the decompression zone, thereby forming a processed material;

allowing water vapor to exit the rotary friction dryer as steam through the exhaust located in the decompression zone;

causing the processed material to be further mixed and heated as it progresses from the decompression zone into the exit stage;

allowing the chemicals and solid materials to exit the rotary friction dryer through the discharge outlet located in the exit stage; and

collecting at least one of the chemicals or solid materials.

8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the temperature in the entrance stage is below the kindling temperature of the biomass.

9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises applying a vacuum to assist removal of water vapor through the exhaust located in the decompression zone.

10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the solid materials upon being removed from the exit stage are selected as one from a dry biomass, partially torrefied biomass, roasted biomass, biochar, and carbon.

11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the chemicals separated from the water and solid materials are selected as one or more of tars, oils, and wood vinegar.

12 . The method of claims 7 , wherein the rotary friction dryer further comprises an aftercooling device coupled to the discharge outlet in the exit stage.and the chemicals are allowed to exit the rotary friction dryer through an upward discharge outlet in the aftercooling device and the solid materials are allowed to exit the rotary dryer through a downward discharge outlet in the aftercooling device.

13 . The method of claims 7 , wherein the solid materials upon exiting the rotary friction dryer are placed into an auger system designed to assist in reducing the temperature of the solid material to below its kindling temperature.

14 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises placing a commutation mill directly over the intake throat of the rotary screw friction dryer.

15 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the method further comprises controlling the feed rate over the intake throat of the rotary screw friction dryer by using a vibratory feeder.

16 . Chemicals or solid materials separated and collected according to the method of claim 7 .