Synthetic and purification methods for phosphaplatin compounds and uses thereof
This application discloses novel methods and processes for preparation and purification of phosphaplatin compounds. The improvements of the synthetic methods and purification processes include, but are not limited to, efficient and reproducible large-scale preparation of these useful pharmaceutical agents in high quality and good yield.
1. A method of preparing a monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex, or a salt thereof, comprising: mixing a platinum dihalide compound with a pyrophosphate salt in a solvent system comprising water and at least one wetting agent, maintaining a reaction mixture wherein the platinum dihalide compound reacts with the pyrophosphate salt to form the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex; precipitating out the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex; and isolating the monomeric platinum complex from the reaction mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said precipitating comprises adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to about 2 and cooling the reaction mixture to about 20° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concentrating the reaction mixture by distilling out a portion of solvent(s) prior to said precipitating.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said adjusting pH comprises adding to the reaction mixture a solution of an organic or inorganic acid.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein said adjusting pH comprises adding the reaction mixture to a solution of an organic or inorganic acid.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said wetting agent is a water-miscible organic solvent.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the water-miscible organic solvent is a lower alkyl alcohol.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is conducted at an elevated temperature.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platinum dihalide compound is at a concentration so that at least about 65% of platinum precipitates out as the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex directly from the reaction mixture upon adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to about 2 at a temperature of about 20° C.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the platinum dihalide compound is at a concentration so that about 75-85% of platinum precipitates out as the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex directly from the reaction mixture upon adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to about 2 at a temperature of about 20° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding an adsorbent into the reaction mixture, stirring the reaction mixture for a period of time, and removing the adsorbent along with undissolved solids prior to said precipitating.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said adsorbent is activated carbon.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing the reaction mixture through an inline filter cartridge comprising a filter medium to obtain a clear filtrate solution of the reaction mixture prior to said precipitating.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said clear filtrate solution is transferred to another clean vessel for said precipitating.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein said clear filtrate solution is circulated back to the reaction vessel until all the reaction mixture becomes a clear solution prior to said precipitating.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said platinum dihalide compound has a formula:
wherein R 1 and R 2 are two amine ligands independently selected from NH 3 , substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic amines, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines; and X is halogen selected from Cl, Br, and I.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said platinum dihalide compound has a formula:
wherein R 3 is an organic diamine ligand, and X is halogen selected from Cl, Br, and I.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said organic diamine is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic 1,2-diamines and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic 1,2-diamines.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein said organic diamine is selected from 1,2-ethylene-diamine and cyclohexane-1,2-diamine.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of dissolving the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex in a buffer and crystallizing the complex from the buffer.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex has a formula (I) or (II):
or a salt thereof wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from NH 3 , substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic amines, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines; and wherein R 3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic diamines, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic diamines.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from NH 3 , methyl amine, ethyl amine, propyl amine, isopropyl amine, butyl amine, cyclohexane amine, aniline, pyridine, and substituted pyridine; and R 3 is selected from 1,2-ethylenediamine and cyclohexane-1,2-diamine.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the platinum complex (II) is selected from:
and salts and mixtures thereof.
24. A Method of preparing a monomeric platinum (IV) pyrophosphate complex, or a salt thereof, comprising: (1) preparing a monomeric platinum (II) pyrophosphate complex according to the method of claim 1 ; (2) oxidizing the monomeric platinum (II) pyrophosphate complex prepared in (1) with hydrogen peroxide; and (3) isolating the monomeric platinum (IV) pyrophosphate complex.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the monomeric platinum (IV) pyrophosphate complex has a formula (III) or (IV):
or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from NH 3 , substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic amines, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines; and wherein R 3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic diamines, and substituted or unsubstituted aromatic diamines.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the monomeric platinum (IV) pyrophosphate complex has a formula (IV), wherein R 3 is 1,2-ethylene-diamine or cyclohexane-1,2-diamine.
27. The method of claim 4 , wherein said acid is nitric acid.
28. The method of claim 5 , wherein said acid is nitric acid.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein said precipitating comprises adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to below 2 and cooling the reaction mixture to below 20° C.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platinum dihalide compound is at a concentration so that at least about 65% of platinum precipitates out as the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex directly from the reaction mixture upon adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to below 2 at a temperature of below 20° C.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the platinum dihalide compound is at a concentration so that about 75-85% of platinum precipitates out as the monomeric platinum pyrophosphate complex directly from the reaction mixture upon adjusting pH of the reaction mixture to below 2 at a temperature of below 20° C.