Method and apparatus for fabricating composite stringers
Method and tooling apparatus for forming a composite charge into a stringer having an I-shaped cross-section. A substantially flat composite charge is placed on a die set and pressed formed into a die set cavity to form a stringer hat. A stringer base is formed by press forming the composite charge against the die set. The die set is used to compress the stringer hat into a stringer web having a bulb on one end thereof. A stringer cap is formed by press forming the bulb within a recess in the die set.
1. A method of fabricating a composite I-stringer, comprising:
folding a substantially flat charge into a partially formed stringer charge having a bulb, a base and a web extending between the bulb and the base;
placing a first plate against the base;
positioning die portions respectively on opposite sides of the web;
placing shims on the die portions on opposite sides of the bulb;
compressing the web using the die portions;
heating the bulb to its forming temperature;
placing a second plate against the bulb;
compressing the bulb into a substantially flat cap by applying pressure to the second plate; and
using the shims to control compression of the bulb into a desired flat cap thickness.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first plate and the second plate are substantially parallel surfaces.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein compressing the bulb comprises applying pressure in a substantially normal direction relative to a base of the composite I-stringer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein folding includes forming the bulb on an end of the web.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein forming the bulb further comprises forming a portion of the web into a recess in the die portions.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein compressing the bulb is performed using a punch.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein compressing the web is performed by applying lateral pressure on the die portions.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the bulb comprises locally heating the bulb.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein heating the bulb is performed before the bulb is compressed.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the shims have a thickness corresponding to a desired thickness of the substantially flat cap.