Alkyl ketal esters as dispersants and slip agents for particulate solids, methods of manufacture, and uses thereof
Disclosed herein is a dispersion comprising a liquid or semi-solid continuous phase, a dispersed solid phase comprising a plurality of organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic particles, and an alkyl ketal ester having the structure wherein a is 0 or an integer of 1 to 12, specifically 1 to 6, more specifically 1 to 4; b is 0 or 1; R 2 is a divalent C 1-8 group optionally substituted with up to 5 hydroxyl groups; and R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl, and wherein at least a portion of the alkyl ketal ester is present in the continuous phase, on a surface of at least some of the dispersed particles, or a combination thereof.
1. A dispersion comprising
a liquid or semi-solid continuous phase,
a dispersed solid phase comprising a plurality of organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic particles, and
an alkyl ketal ester having the structure
wherein
wherein R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl, and
wherein at least a portion of the alkyl ketal ester is present in the continuous phase, on a surface of at least some of the dispersed particles, or a combination thereof.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is methyl.
3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is ethyl.
4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is n-propyl.
5. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is n-butyl.
6. A coating composition comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein
the continuous phase is a liquid continuous phase, and
the plurality of solid particles comprises solid pigment particles.
7. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein the alkyl ketal ester is present in the dispersion in an amount from 1 to 400% by weight of plurality of solid particles.
8. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein the dispersed pigment particles have an average D50 particle size from 100 nanometers to 25 micrometers.
9. The coating composition of claim 6 , comprising, based on the total weight of the coating composition,
from 20 to 90% by weight of the liquid continuous phase,
from 0.5 to 45% by weight of the solid pigment particles,
from 0.5 to 60% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester, and
from 5 to 80% by weight of an organic binder composition.
10. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase is a semi-solid.
11. The dispersion of claim 10 , wherein the semi-solid is a wax.
12. A cosmetic comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein
the continuous phase comprises a cosmetically acceptable wax, film-forming polymer, emollient, or a combination thereof, and
the plurality of solid particles comprises cosmetically acceptable solid pigment particles.
13. The cosmetic of claim 12 in the form of a semi-solid, comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,
from 25 to 80% by weight of the continuous phase,
from 5 to 50% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and
from 0.1 to 50% of the weight of the alkyl ketal ester.
14. The cosmetic of claim, 13 , wherein the cosmetic is an eye product, skin product, lip product, or nail product.
15. The cosmetic of claim 12 , in the form of a fluid or gel, comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,
from 25 to 80% by weight of water, a volatile organic solvent, or a combination thereof,
from 2 to 35% of the cosmetically acceptable wax, film-forming polymer, emollient, or combination thereof,
from 2 to 30% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and
from 1 to 40% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester.
16. The cosmetic of claim 15 , wherein the cosmetic is an eye product, lip product, skin product or nail product.
17. The cosmetic of claim 12 , in the form of a wet foundation comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,
from 30-75% by weight water,
from 1 to 35% by weight of the cosmetically acceptable emollient, from 2 to 25% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and
from 0.5 to 35% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester,
wherein the continuous phase is an aqueous phase or an oily phase.
18. The cosmetic of claim 12 , in the form of a lip product comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,
from 1 to 25% by weight of the cosmetically acceptable wax;
from 30 to 95% by weight of one or more other hydrophobic materials; and
from 0.05 to 25% by weight of the solid pigment particles.
19. A particulate solid, comprising
a plurality of solid particles; and
an alkyl ketal ester at least partially coating at least some of the particles, the alkyl ketal ester having the structure:
wherein R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl.
20. The particulate solid of claim 19 wherein the alkyl ketal ester is present in an amount from 1 to 100% by weight of plurality of the plurality of solid particles.
21. The particulate solid of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of solid particles comprise pigment particles, and the alkyl ketal ester is sorbed onto at least a portion of a surface of at least a portion of the pigment particles.
22. A powder cosmetic comprising the particulate solid of claim 19 and comprising, based on the total weight of the powder cosmetic,
from 50 to 95% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and
from 1 to 15% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester.
23. A method of forming the dispersion of claim 1 , comprising combining the continuous phase, plurality of solid particles, and alkyl ketal ester to form the dispersion.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the combining comprises wetting the plurality of solid particles with the alkyl ketal ester; then combining the wetted particles with the continuous phase.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the combining comprises combining the continuous phase and the alkyl ketal ester; and adding the plurality of solid particles to the combination of the continuous phase and the alkyl ketal ester.