Nanotube-based insulators
A nanotube-based insulator is provided having thermal insulating properties. The insulator can include a plurality of nanotube sheets stacked on top of one another. Each nanotube sheet can be defined by a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The plurality of carbon nanotubes can be configured so as to decrease normal-to-plane thermal conductivity while permitting in-plane thermal conductivity. A plurality of spacers can be situated between adjacent nanotube sheets so as to reduce interlayer contact between the nanotubes in each sheet. The plurality of spacers can be ceramic or alumina dots or provided by texturing the nanotube sheets.
1. A method for thermal insulation, the method comprising:
using a carbon nanotube insulator in connection with another structure as a thermal insulator possessing multifunctional properties including one or more of EMI shielding, EMP protection, ESD shielding, electrical conduction, impact resistance, corrosion resistance,
wherein the carbon nanotube insulator has a plurality of nanotube sheets positioned on top of one another, and a plurality of spacers situated between adjacent nanotube sheets in order to reduce intersheet contact, so as to minimize normal-to-plane thermal conductivity, and wherein each nanotube sheet comprises multiple distinct layers having a plurality of nanotubes in each distinct layer, the nanotubes being substantially contained within each distinct layer as to minimize normal-to-plane thermal conductivity between distinct layers.
2. A method for thermal insulation, the method comprising:
placing an insulator between a heat source and an area to which heat transfer is not desired, wherein the insulator comprises a plurality of nanotube sheets positioned on top of one another, and a plurality of spacers situated between adjacent nanotube sheets in order to reduce intersheet contact, so as to minimize normal-to-plane thermal conductivity, and wherein each nanotube sheet comprises multiple distinct layers having a plurality of nanotubes in each distinct layer, the nanotubes being substantially contained within each distinct layer as to further minimize normal-to-plane thermal conductivity between distinct layers; and
allowing heat from the heat source to contact the insulator, whereby the insulator minimizes heat transfer in a direction normal-to-plane of the insulator so as to insulate the area to which heat transfer is not desired from the heat.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each nanotube sheet of the insulator is obtained by winding nanotubes about a central axis to form the nanotube sheets having multiple distinct layers with a plurality of nanotubes in each distinct layer, the nanotubes being substantially contained within each distinct layer as to minimize normal-to-plane thermal conductivity between distinct layers.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nanotube sheets are defined by non-woven nanotubes.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of nanotubes are substantially aligned in-plane to maintain the in-plane thermal conductivity.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein each nanotube sheet includes a dopant to decrease normal-to-plane thermal conductivity.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dopant is boron, carbon 13, an irradiated CNT material, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dopant is about 0.5 to about 5% weight percent boron.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dopant is about 2% weight percent boron.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spacers are alumina or ceramic dots situated between adjacent nanotube sheets.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spacers are a plurality of holes in each nanotube sheet.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spacers are provided by a porous layer of non-metal material having poor thermal conductivity and positioned between adjacent nanotube sheets.
13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of spacers are provided by a texture in each nanotube sheet to define a rough surface having peaks and valleys thereon, so as to minimize surface contact between adjacent nanotube sheets.